• 作者： 蕭啟慶
• 作者服務機構： 國立新加坡大學歷史學系
• 中文摘要： 本文以遼朝（907－1125）燕京地區五大漢人家族之仕宦與婚姻為研究對象，并兼及此五家族在金朝（1122－1234）之延續，藉以顯示邊疆遊牧及半遊牧民族所建王朝與漢人世家間之共生關係。 本文主要論點為： （1）契丹自一遊牧部族聯盟轉化為一兼跨遊牧及農業地區之專制帝國，漢人出力甚大。其後遼朝對農業地區之治理，主要倚賴漢人世家。 （2）五大漢人世家多為唐季、五代當地之官宦家族，對遼之建國皆有卓著功勳而受遼廷倚重，得以維持累世仕宦之地位於不墮。其子孫仕宦之延續性及普遍性皆甚強。五家子孫現尚可考者一二四人，其中79.84％曾仕遼。凡出仕者，多任高職。其官職有南面官，亦有北面官。 （3）漢人世家與契丹統治家族及其他重要漢人官僚家庭密切聯姻，形成包擁胡漢的內婚集團。故自仕宦及婚姻二點言之，若干漢人世家已深入遼朝統治階層之核心。 （4）五大家族中之四家在金朝仍維持仕宦地位。其中二家且為金朝最顯赫之漢人家族。可見統治民族之改變對漢人世家地位之影響不大。 （5）總而言之，近世以降中國社會中之統治菁英階層係以多元性及流動性高著稱。但在遊牧及半遊牧民族統治地區，少數漢人世家仍享有崇高之政治社會地位，累世不變。
• 英文摘要： This paper uses the career and marriage patterns of the five eminent Chinese clans of theYen-ching region in the Kitan-Liao dynasty (907-1125) to illustrate the symbiotic relationshipsbuilt by nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples with those powerful Chinese clans inhabiting regionswhich the nomads had conquered. It also examines the bureaucratic records of these clansduring the Jiirchen-Chin period (1122-1234) (the successor to the Liao) in order to show theircontinuing political eminence in spite of changes in the ruling nations of North China. The findings of this paper are as follows: (1) In the transformation of the Kitan state from a confederation of nomadic tribes intoan autocratic empire governing both nomadic and agrarian regions in northeastern Asia, theChinese played an indispensable and critical role. The nomadic conquerors also relied heavilyon the assistance of powerful Chinese clans in their subsequent rule over the agrarian region. (2) These Chinese clans-most of which had been important official families in the regionsince the late T'ang (618-907) and Five Dynasties (907-960) periods-were able to perpetuatetheir bureaucratic eminence throughout the Liao period due to both their contributions to thefounding of the Liao empire and the trust they won from the Liao rulers. Nearly 80% of the124 members of these clans identified from our sources served as officials under the Liao. Alarge proportion of these members occupied important bureaucratic posts overseeing the affairsof the nomadic as well as agrarian segments of the empire. (3) These Chinese clans maintained close marital ties with Kitan ruling families-as wellas with a number of other important Chinese bureaucratic families-to form a circle of familieswhich may be described as endogamous. Thus, in terms of both political careers and maritalties, at least a few of these Chinese clans were able to penetrate the core of the Liao rulingstratum. (4) The replacement of the Kitans by the Jurchens as the rulers in North China in the early12th century had little effect on the socio-political status of these clans; two of them remainedas the most important Chinese bureaucratic families under the Chin. (5) In general, it is known that the composition of the ruling elite stratum since earlymodern times was relatively heterogencous and increasingly mobile. However，in those partsof China still under nomadic or semi-nomadic rule, a small number of established clans (as inthe case of the five clans of Yen-ching) continued to enjoy high political and social status.
• 中文關鍵字： 世家; 共生關係
• 英文關鍵字： --