- 作者: 呂玉瑕
- 作者服務機構: 中央研究院民族學研究所
- 中文摘要: 本研究主旨為探討在台灣社會發展中已婚婦女的勞動力參與行為。由於台灣已婚女性就業顯著地集中於非正式部門,本研究試圖分析婦女就業非正式化的社會結構因素。 本研究使用台灣省家庭計劃研究所1980年KAP生育調查資料。該樣本為全省隨機抽樣,共抽選已婚育齡婦女3859人。 在統計分析方面,本研究應用Multinomial Logistic Model分析家庭組織及勞動力市場因素對於已婚婦女就業與否及就業型態(正式或非正式)的影響。 研究結果發現已婚婦女就業與否及就業型態是家庭內及勞動市場內性別分工的結果。小型企業的盛行是婦女工作非正式化最主要因素;家中有家庭企業的婦女極可能非正式地在自家企業工作。此外,婦女就業型態亦顯著地受其家庭生活週期之影響;有年幼子女之母親遠比在其他家庭發展階段者更可能從事非正式工作。這種由家庭內之勞力分工而導致的非正式化就業傾向,由於符合台灣近年來以外銷為主導之經濟型態的勞力需求而被加強了。本研究顯示,女性就業機會越大之勞力市場,女性就業非正式化程度也越高。本研究對已婚婦女就業非正式化過程之探討亦部分剖析了非正式勞力部門勞力取得及該部門之成長的機制。
- 英文摘要: The purpose of this study was to systematically explore the behavior of married womenin the labor force in the context of family organization and socioeconomic development inTaiwan. Under the unique setting of Taiwan's economic development, various forms of income-generating activities have been developed in the labor market. Given that a large proportionof married women in Taiwan are working informally, I tried to find the structural determinantsof these married women's work patterns. The data were derived from the 1980 Taiwan KAP fertility survey which included 3,859married or previously married women. The empirical analysis applied a multinomial logistic modelon wives’work choices among formal employment, informal employment, and not working. Results suggest that married women's work patterns in terms of formal vs. informal em-ployment are the result of the division of labor by sex in both the family and the labor market.Wives from petty commodity production families are significantly more likely to be involvedin informal employment. Wives also tend to work informally when they have young children.The wives’propensity to work informally due to the division of labor in the family is reinforcedby the demands and constraints of Taiwan's labor market. The process by which wives engagein informal employment also explains the mechanism by which the informal sector generatesemployment and growth.
- 中文關鍵字: female employment; labor force participation; informal employment; informal sector; labor market; family economy; small business; family life cycle
- 英文關鍵字: --