• 作者： 林俊雄
• 作者服務機構： 中國石油公司煉製研究中心
• 中文摘要： 石油溶劑之石臘性(Paraffinity)，在習慣上則以U.O.P.特性?"K"(Characterization factor)表示。許多基本物性如沸?、比重、分子量、黏度和臨界性質等均與它有關聯。溶解度參數(Solubility Parameter)"δ"，在理論上代表?分子間凝聚能密度(Cohesive energy density)大小的量測，依定義?δ=(ΔE/V)^1/2，表蒸發能，V是克分子容。它不但是溶劑溶解力的表徵，許多熱力學上的物性，汽液和液液平衡係數等亦均有關係。當把餾份的平均沸點用中?平均沸點(Mean Average Boiling Point)代替，利用最小二乘法，"K"和"δ"顯呈密切的反比關係，δ=16 — 0.692K。對各種單、多成份石 油溶劑物性之預測，甚?簡便。在溶劑摻配上則是一具加成性之主要摻配要素。
• 英文摘要： A parameter used to define the paraffinity of a petroleum fraction is commonly referred to as the UOP characterization factor, designated as K. This factor is a function of many fundamental physical properties such as the boiling point, specific gravity, molecular weight, viscosity, critical properties, and many others. The solubility parameter δ, is defined to be the square root of the molecular cohesive energy density and can be represented as (ΔE/V)1/2 where ΔE is the energy of vaporization and V is the molar volume. This parameter is also an important index in expressing the solvent power of solvents. Many thermodynamic properties relate to it, and also the vapor-liquid equilibrium coefficient and liquid-liquid distribution coefficient as well. Using the least-squares method, the two parameters were found to exhibit an inverse relationship between themselves. δ = 16.0-0.692 K. Many petroleum solvents whether pure components or mixtures are associated with properties that can be easily estimated by simple experimental data such as the temperature range in distillation and API gravity of the fraction. This parameter K is additive, and so is δ, the solubility parameter. Both K and δ will produce the same additive contribution in the solvent formulation.
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