• 作者： 商斯同; 蔡文輝
• 作者服務機構： 美國印第安那大學-普渡大學(韋恩堡校區)社會學.人類學系
• 中文摘要： 本文分析傳統中國與亞茲特（墨西哥印第安人之一族）兩文化裡之靈魂信仰。本文強調個人的後生靈魂信仰反映政治對個人的控制。傳統中國的嚴密政治組織影響了人們對死後靈魂的出路的看法，也提高了人們在今生服從政府的意願。在亞茲特社會裡，政治組織的成長尚未完成，因此靈魂的去處是受個人死法的不同而有所不同，政治的影響並不大。 本文的結論指出政府利用對死後靈魂的出路的信仰來灌輸政治的意識理念。政府組織論發展愈嚴謹，其利用宗教意識來影響人們的信仰亦愈直接。
• 英文摘要： This article analyzes shared beliefs concerning the fate of the soul in classical Aztec and Chinesesocieties. We argue that beliefs about personal eschatology reflect the degree to which state ideology suc-ceeds in establishing hegemony over the individual. State-level societies strongly link the individual's be-havior to rewards and punishments in the afterlife. In most non-state societies, this link is less clear. TheAztecs are discussed as a society in transition from a tribal- to state-level social organization. ClassicalChinese society, on the other hand, was a highly developed state. For the Aztecs, the way that an individualdied was the controlling factor in determining the soul's fate, while for the classical Chinese it was con-formity to state-established rules of conduct. The article concludes that beliefs concerning the fate of thesoul are an important mechanism used by the state apparatus to impose ideology on people.
• 中文關鍵字： fate of the soul; religious ideology; state ideology; Classicial Chinese religious belief; Classical Aztec religious belief
• 英文關鍵字： --