• 作者： 魏耀揮; 張坤田; 蔣本基; 張勝祺
• 作者服務機構： 國立陽明醫學院生化學科; 國立臺灣大學環境工程研究所
• 中文摘要： 於一為期三年的研究中，我們測定臺北地區9個採集站於1986年12月～1987年9月，1988年10月～1989年1月及1989年10月～1990年4月等三個期間分別收集的216，81及52個空氣懸浮微粒樣品的致突變性及多環芳香烴化合物（PAH）的含量。我們發現所有樣品的二氯甲烷萃取液都可引起Salmonella typhimurium菌種的突變。而且，此致突變性在大白鼠肝微粒體的存在下明顯的增強。這顯示空氣懸浮微粒含有直接與間接致突變物。在這三個期問所採樣品的平均致突變性分別為137，127及118組胺酸突變株∕10空氣。 另一方面，我們發現所採集之每一空氣懸浮微粒樣品都含有14種PAH，但其個別濃度及分佈形態大不相同。PhA，Ffu，Pyr及Ben的濃度遠大於BaP，BeP，Pr，IP及DbA等高環數的PAH。在這三個期問所採集之空氣懸浮微粒所含的PAH平均濃度為8.0，5.0及7.8 ng/m空氣。 在9個採集站中，分別位於市中心及交通頻繁區的福星國小及中興法商學院的空氣懸浮微粒比其他採集站含有較高的PAH及致突變性。再者，比較這三個期間採集樣品的PAH濃度顯示臺北地區的空氣懸浮微粒之PAH含量有季節性的變化。夏季期間個別的與總共的PAH含量比冬季來得低。致突變性也有相似的季節性變化。然而，空氣懸浮微粒的PHA與致突變性並沒有年度性的變化。 為了追綜污染源，我們測定臺北辛亥隧道及燃燒垃圾所產生的空氣懸浮微粒所含PAH及致突變性。結果顯示，與臺北地區空氣中懸浮微粒比較，燃燒垃圾產生之空氣懸浮微粒含數百倍高的PAH及20倍強的致突變性，而隧道中機、汽車排廢氣之懸浮微粒則含有10倍高的PAH及致突變性。再者，採自辛亥隧道的空氣懸浮微粒所含各種PAH的分佈與這三個期間採自臺北地區之空氣懸浮微粒所含PAH的分佈非常相似。相對地，燃燒垃圾所產生之空氣懸浮微粒所含PAH的分佈與臺北地區空氣懸浮微粒者截然不同。燃燒含有ABS的垃圾產生之懸浮微粒含有極高的BaA，BaP，BeP，BbF及Chr等有致突變性之PAH。這些結果顯示機、汽車排廢氣是臺北地區空氣懸浮微粒的主要污染源，而燃燒垃圾所造成的污染即使有也是非常的少。
• 英文摘要： In a 3-year study, we determined the mutagenicity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)of airborne particulates collected during December 1987-September 1988 (216 samples)，October 1988-January 1989 (81 samples), and October 1989-April 1990 (52 samples) from 9 locations in the Taipei area.We found that dichloromethane extracts of all the samples were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimuriumin the Ames test．Moreover, the mutagenicity was much higher in the presence of rat liver microsomalfraction (S9 mixture) than that observed in its absence, which indicates that airborne particulates containedboth direct and indirect mutagens. The average mutagenicity of the samples collected in the 3-year periodwas 137, 127, and 118 histidine revertants/10 air, respectively. On the other hand, we found that dichloromethane extracts of each airborne particulate samplecontained 14 PAHs with wide variations in concentration and relative distribution. The levels of Pha.Flu, Pyr, and Ben were much higher than the PAHs with higher ring numbers such as BaP, BeP, Pr, IP, andDbA. The average PAH content was 8.0, 5.0, and 7.8 ng/m air for airborne particulates collected duringDecember 1986-September 1987, October 1988-January 1989, and October 1989-April 1990, respectively. Among the 9 stations, Fu Hsing Elementary School and Chung Hsing University (Taipei campus),which are, respectively, located in the downtown area and a heavy traffic zone, had significantly higherlevels of mutagenicity and PAHs than did the other stations. Moreover, comparative analysis of PAH levelsof airborne particulates over the 3-year period revealed an interesting season-dependent change of PAHcontent in airborne particulates from the Taipei area. The concentrations of individual and total PAHswere consistently lower in the summer than those in the winter. A similar pattern of seasonal change wasalso observed in the mutagenicity of airborne particulate samples examined. It is worth mentioning thatneither PAH level nor mutagenicity of airborne particulates showed significant yearly change over the 3-year period of study. As part of an effort to identify pollution sources, we examined the mutagenicity and PAHcompounds of air particulates collected from the burning of garbage (14 samples) and motor-vehicle ex-haust in the Hsin Har Tunnel (17 samples), Taipei. The results showed that garbage burning gave rise to airparticulates containing several hundred times higher levels of PAHs and about 20 times stronger mutageni-city, while the motor-vehicle exhaust contained about ten times higher PAH content and mutagenicity ascompared with those of airborne particulates of the Taipei city. Moreover, we found that the distributionpattern of various PAHs in air particulates from the Hsin Hai Tunnel was quite similar to those of. airborneparticulates collected in Taipei city during the 3-year period. In contrast, the PAH profile of the air'sam-ples collected from garbage burning was drastically different from that of airborne particulates of Taipeicity. The burning of garbages containing ABS emitted extremely high levels of mutagenic PAHs, such asBaA, BaP, BeP, BbF, and Chr. These results indicate that motor-vehicle exhaust is the major pollutionsource, and that garbage burning contributes little, if any, to airborne particulates in the Taipei area.
• 中文關鍵字： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; mutagenicity; airborne particulates; pollutant sources; moter-vehicle exhaust; waste incineration
• 英文關鍵字： --