- 作者： 徐世典
- 作者服務機構： 國立中興大學植物病理學研究所
- 中文摘要： Bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum is a serious problem formany crops of economic importance, particularly tomato, tobacco and pepper inTaiwan. However, bacterial wilts of banana and potato were not observed duringthe period of this study. Field inspection in Central and Southern Taiwan indicatedthat the pathogen was distributed widely in these areas. Sixteen isolates of this bacterium collected from different localities and hostsfrom Taiwan differed in host range. On the basis of reactions of tomato, pepper,eggplant, potato, tobacco, and peanut to these isolates, 4 pathotypes (strains), pathotype I-IV, were recognized. Generally, all isolates were highly virulent to tomato,pepper and eggplant, but they differed in virulence to potato, tobacco and peanut.Therefore, these three latter plants could be used as differential hosts. PathotypeI was highly virulent to these three plants; pathotype II was highly virulent topotato and tobacco, but weakly virulent to peanut; pathotype III was of high virul-ence to potato, and of very low virulence to tobacco and peanut; pathotype IV wasweakly virulent to all these three plants. The most common isolates collected forthis study were in pathotype I, and the next was in pathotype IV. Pathotype wasgenerally not correlated with source of the isolates. Great variation in host rangewas observed in isolates (gisolates) obtained from tomato, but all of the isolates(5 isolates) from tobacco belonged to the same group, pathotype I. Despite variation in host range among the isolates of this bacterium, all appearto be race 1 under the scheme of Buddenhagen et al. All isolates did not wilt thetriploid banana, but localized brown necrosis was appeared on the first newlyemerged leaves of banana plants after inoculation. The necrotic symptom wasprobably caused by the hypersensitive reaction of banana. Except for the slight variation in acid production from carbohydrates amongthe 16 isolates, all appear to be similar in colony morphology on a tetrazoliummedium and in physiological characters examined.
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