第6卷‧第7期,
197807
, pp. 657-670
檬果黑斑病之研究
- 作者:
安寶貞
- 作者服務機構:
臺灣省農業試驗所嘉義分所
- 中文摘要:
檸果黑斑病(原稱檬果果斑病)病原細菌(Pseudomonas mangiferaeindica Patel et. al.)可危害檬果果實、葉片、枝條、花穗及大枝幹,引起落葉、落果,於颱風雨期尤嚴重。病菌主要靠傷痍感染,估計單一細菌便可誘致受傷葉片發病,但濃度以每毫升10 以上時方嚴重。葉齡相異時對病害之感受力不同,以嫩綠葉易罹病,不同品種之落葉率不同,形成之病斑大小稍異,且落葉率受季節影響。細菌濃度在每毫升10 ~10 以上,可引起煙草過敏性反應。 在自然界,人工傷痍接種細菌懸浮液於嫩綠葉片,濃度每毫升10 ~10;其僭伏期夏季為3~7日,冬季10~25日,降雨期尤短。觀測氣象資料,自然界氣溫、降雨之變遷對病蟲害僭伏期之影響較濕度、露水為大。當葉片無水膜存在,大部份傷口在24小時後便能癒合,不再被細菌侵染;但反之,雖經4日,尚有50%以上之傷口可被病菌侵入。 病菌室內保存除可置於無菌水中外,可於5~20℃,在馬鈴薯養基(PDA)上生存約16個月左右,且病原性不變。
- 英文摘要:
Pseudomonas mangiferaeindicae causing"Mango bacterial black spot" severely infectedthe wound portions of green leaves, twigs, fruitsand caused the premature falling of the leavesand fruits of the mango plants during theTyphoon seasons. But the pathogen rarely at-tacked the young red leaves. Even only onebacterium could induce symptom of infection,and severe symptoms were produced if thebacterial concentration were more than 10 cell/ml. The bacterial inocula at more than10 to 10 cell/ml induced the hypersensitivityof tabacco via leaf infiltration. In the fields, the incubation periods were3 to 7 days during summer, 10 to 25 daysduring winter, and were shortened duringrainfall if green leaves of mango were inoculatedby injection with 10 to 10 cell/ml of bacteria.In view of climatic data(1977), temperatureand rainfall showed higher effectiveness onincubation period than dew and humidity in thefield inoculation tests. The wounded parts ofmango leaves, which were not covered withoptimal moisture, were cured within 24 hoursafter wounding and no longer were attacked bythe causal bacteria. Patato dextrose agar was a good mediumfor the bacterial growth, meanwhile, the bacteriawere kept alive for about 16 months and alsomaintained the pathogenicity on this culturemedium under 5 to 20℃.
- 中文關鍵字:
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- 英文關鍵字:
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