• 作者： 陳文彬
• 作者服務機構： 中興大學食品科學研完所
• 中文摘要： 利用氫氧化鈉溶液抽取各種農場纖維質廢棄物（稻桿、稻殼、蔗渣和蔗髓）之半纖維素用以醱酵生產葡萄糖異構化酵素。結果發現由蔗髓及蔗渣可抽取較多量之半纖維素，且所含之戊聚醣亦較多，稻桿稍遜。取本省產量最多之稻桿做抽取條件之探討，顯示以4%之氫氧化鈉溶液於室溫下抽取稻桿（液比10）24小時之條件較為經濟可行。可得12%之半纖維素（內含68.9%戊聚醣）和45.5%殘渣。取上述之四種半纖維素培養Streptomyces flavogriseus生產葡萄糖異構化酵素，其中以來自稻桿者效果最佳。稻桿之氫氧化鈉抽取液經中和後直接醱酵生產酵素，僅稍遜於半纖維素，但可節省製備費用。如以稻桿半纖維素為碳源，培養 24 和 36 小時後，菌體外半纖維素分解酵素活性及菌體內葡萄糖異構化酵素活性分別可達到最高（ 2.2 和 2.0 單位／毫升培養液）。有關利用農場纖維質廢棄物醱酵生產酵素方法之優點本文亦討論之。
• 英文摘要： The hemicellulose fraction of variousagricultural cellulosic wastes (rice straw, ricehusk, bagasse and bagasse pith) was extractedwith NaOH and used for the fermentativeproduction of glucose isomerase. The resultsshowed that greater amount of hemicellulosecould be extracted from pith and bagasse, sowas pentosan content in homicellulose extra-cted. Slightly less amount of hemicellulose wasobtained from rice straw which is the mostabundant agriarltural cellulosic waste inTaiwan. Extraction of hemicellulose from ricestraw with 4% NaOH at room temperature for24 hr seems to be economical. Twelve percentof hemicellulose (containing 68.9% pentosan)and 45.5% residuce could be obtained by usingconditions mentioned above. The hemicellulosesfrom 4 agrilcutural cellulosic wastes were usedfor the production of glucose isomerare by cul-tivating Streptomyces flavogriseus. The hemic-ellulose from rice straw gave the best result.The quanity of enzyme produced from neutr-alized NaOH extract of straw was slightlyless than that from straw hemicellulose. Thehighest level of intracellular glucose isomerase(2.Ounit/ml) and extracellular hemicellulase(2.2unit/ml) was obtained when the organismwas grown at 30°C for 36 and 24 hr on 1%straw hemicellulose respectively. The advan-tage of the process by using agriculturalcellulosic wastes for production of glucoseisomerase was also discussed.
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