- 作者: 黃金麟
- 作者服務機構: 東海大學社會學系
- 中文摘要: 作為一個沒有「正統」存在的過程,新文化運動的演變顯示,「神聖」的存在與界定深受論述的影響。1923年的科玄學論戰,不但將科學從問學的層次提升到普遍真理和規範性價值的境界,支配其信仰者的生活態度,思考模式,和世界觀,同時顯現「神聖」的形塑必然隱含一緊要的論述面向。這個觀點的提出顯示,科玄學論戰所牽涉的不只是一次傳統與現代性的意識形態對抗,更包含了一個充滿各種符號性競逐的論域—一個交錯著口號,宣言,褻瀆,類比,和儀式性符號運作的場域。因此,如何對論述的結構性因素(如論述涉入的文本知識,言談踐行能力,語言共謀性,和儀式性運作等)進行分析和探討,藉以深化我們對這場論戰發展過程的瞭解,同時對「科學」的理念和理想是如何在論述中被建構,並獲致獨特的地位和重要性,是本文希冀探究的重點。就科學主義在論戰中的急遽成長看來,「神聖」的形成與論述的建構是有不可分割的關聯,而以新文化運動的發展來看,對論述的支配和掌握確是獲致權力的重要可能取徑。
- 英文摘要: The evolution of the New Culture Movement, as a passage without an orthodoxy, displays that thesacred was indeed a product of discourse. The exaltation of Science from a learning to a universal truthand normative value that governed its worshipper's mode of thinking, life attitude, and worldview duringthe Polemics on Science and Metaphysics (1923) uniquely manifested this critical discursive dimension ofthe sacred. As such, the discourse consisted of more than an ideological confrontation of modernity withtraditionalism. It was a contested terrain intertwined with such symbolic acts as declarations, slogans,pollutions, analogies, and ritual symbols. A study of the components that constitute the discourse (suchas cultural capital, practical competence, linguistic complicity, and ritual practice) of which the polemicsare composed, if not a direct investigation of its causes and consequences, I suggest, gives a more substantialaccount of the organization and the process of the polemics, and, likewise, the question of how ideas andideals are discursively constructed in and through a culture movement. Thus, from the discourse set outby the polemicists to exalt Science to scientism, we see that the sacred was but a product of discourseand that domination of the discourse could be a virtual route to power.
- 中文關鍵字: 近代中國; 科學主義; 符號行動; 儀式; 論述
- 英文關鍵字: modern China; scientism act; ritual; discourse