• 作者： 范秉真; 鍾文政; 詹家璽; 鄭?鶯; 陳韻安; 許美卿
• 作者服務機構： 國立陽明醫學院寄生蟲學科; 台北醫學院寄生蟲學科; 榮民總醫院醫學研究部寄生蟲研究室
• 中文摘要： 本項研究為連續研究計晝之第二年，自民國71年4月1日～72年3月31日在宜
  蘭縣大同及南澳鄉，17所（國中1及國小16）學校應用福爾馬林乙醚濃縮法，修正
  試管濾紙培養法，玻璃膠紙肛圍擦拭法，修正蟲卵計算法，及肉眼觀察法完成四次
  （6、9、11及1月）檢查。對患者應用邁苯達早，康保寧，普瑞斯夸脫，及必去
  蝨完成四次集體治療。其結果介紹如下：
  1.寄生蟲之傳染率：經四次治療後，蛔蟲傳染率自15%降至1%，短小包膜絛
  蟲自1%降至0.6%，?蟲自0.8%降至0.2%，蟯蟲自2.5%降至1.5%，頭蝨
  自11.2%降至6.5%。各種寄生蟲傳染率在治療前後，大同鄉各學校均高於南澳
  ，惟頭蝨則相反。同時，各種寄生蟲之傳染率，男性均高於女性；惟頭蝨則女高於
  男。
  2.驅蟲劑之療效：
  邁苯達早：對多種感染蛔蟲、鞭蟲及糞小桿線蟲患者，各服用500 mg，治療
  率及蟲卵減少率分別為：88%及99%。73%及94%，100%及100%。感染蛔蟲患者
  各服100 mg，治癒率及蟲卵減少率分別為87%及99%。蟯蟲患者分服 10 及 20 mg
  ，治癒率均為92%。
  康保寧：多重感染糞小桿線蟲，?蟲及蛔蟲患者，各服 200 mg，前者治療率
  及蟲卵減少率分別為93%，及99%；後者均完全治癒。
  邁苯達早及康保寧：對多重感染鞭蟲、蛔蟲及?蟲患者，各服用邁苯達早300
  mg及康保寧200 mg，治癒率及蟲卵減少率分別為53%及84%，81%及97%，及86
  %及98%。
  普瑞斯夸脫：對感染短小包膜絛蟲患者各服用300 mg及感染絛蟲者各服150
  mg，治癒率分別為100%及88%。
  必去蝨乳劑：對男女性患者各塗擦10 ml，治癒率男性100%，女性60%，因
  男性頭髮短，易於治療之故。
  上述藥物中，除必去蝨外，均療效高，耐性好，易服用，安全無副作用。惟鞭
  蟲之治療則有待於新的特效藥物之研製。u
• 英文摘要： In the present study five techiques:formalin-ether concentration (FEC), test-tube filter-paper cultivation (TTFPC),scotch-tape perianal swab (STPS),modified egg count (MEC) and nakedeye observation (NEO) were carriedout to detect parasitic infection. Fourantiparasitic drugs including combantrin,mebendazole, praziquantel and 1% BHCemulsion were applied to the aboriginalchildren aged 7-15 from 1 junior highand 16 primary schools in Ta-Tungand Nan-Ao Districts, Ilan County.The study was performed from April1, 1982 to March 31, 1983. The resultsobtained are summarized as follows: f. Infection rate of common intes-tinal parasites: The fecal samples from523 aboriginal children of 11 primaryschools were examined by the FECtechnique; 214 (41%) were found tobe infected with one or more speciesof parasites. The highest rate of 31%was found for Trichuris trichiura,followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (15%),Hymenolepis nana (1%). Of 662 fecalsamples examined by the TTFPCmethod, the rate was 1% for bothhookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis.The rate of 1% and 2.5% for Taeniasp. and Enterobius vermicularis from1,233 children was also detected by theSTPS respectively. After A-single-pose-treatment theinfection rate decreasedfrom 41%, to25%. The rates for T. trichiura, A.lumbricoides, E. vermicularis Taeniasp., H. nana and hookworm were alsodecreased from 31% to 23%, 15% to1%, 2.5% to 1.5%, 0.9%, 0.9% to0.3%, 1.0% to 0.6%, and 0.8% to0.2% respectively, except S. stercoralis. 2. Infection rate of head louse: Of1,233 children examined by the NEOtechnique, infection rate of 11% wasfound. The rate was much higher ingirls (14.4%) than that in boys (0.3%). After a 3-single-doe-treatment therate decreased frosm 11% to 6.5%. 3. Efficacy of anthelminthic drugs:Three broad spectrum anthelminthicswere used in a single dose, no age,sex, body weight, fasting or purgativeare required. One hundred and fiftyfour multply infected cases were treatedeach with mebendazole 500 mg, givingcure rate of 88%, 73% and 100% andegg reduction rate of 99%, 94% and100% for ascariasis (11 cases), trich-uriasis (154) and strongyloidiasis (3)respectively. Fifty cases of ascariasis were treatedwith 100 mg mebendazole with a curerate of 87% and egg reduction rate of99%. Twelve cases of trichuriasis weretreated with 400 mg mebendazole witha cure rate and egg reduction rate of89% and 96% respectively. Of 453 multiply infected casestreated with mebendazole 300 mg andcombantrin 200 mg, the cure and eggreduction rates were 53%, and 84%,81% and 97%, and 86% and 98% fortrichuriasis (453 cases), ascariasis (117)and hookworm infection (12) respec-tively. Of 24 multiply infected casestreated with combantrin 200 mg, a curerate and egg reduction rate of 93%and 99%, 100% and 100%, and 100%and 100% for strongyloiasis (24),hookworm infection (3) and ascariasis(4) were found respectively. Fourteen cases of hymenolepiasisnana were treated with praziquantel300 mg with a cure rate of 100%. Eightcases of taeniasisisp. were also treatedwith praziquantel 150 mg giving a curerate of 88%. 4. Efficacy of BHC emulsion: Threehundred and forty nine cases of headlouse infection were treated with 1%BHC emulsion 10ml. A cure rate of100% for boys (9 cases) and 60% forgirls (340) was detected. In general, the three broad spe-ctrum anthelminthics showed highefficacy, good tolerance, easy adminis-tration and free of toxicity duringtreatment. But the treatment of trich-uriasis still requires a more highlyeffective drug.
• 中文關鍵字： --
• 英文關鍵字： --