• 作者： 盧蕙馨
• 作者服務機構： 中央研究院民族學研究所
• 中文摘要： 本文探討現代佛教實踐中性別角色和形象變遷的面貌。田野資料為女性義工居多數，社會影響力頗大的佛教慈濟功德會。作者經長期參與觀察其組織動力、團體規範和其社會服務後發現，有「女性化」與「去性別化」兩種傾向存在於團體的人際互動中。「女性化」是指女性主導組織的成立與拓展，包括對外勸募、宣傳與慈善服務，對內帶領訓練義工、籌劃活動等等；同時，女性的家庭角色特質如慈悲、照顧、溫和、忍耐、利他也泛化為團體的道德規範，母愛更成為佛教徒慈悲助人的象徵。「去性別化」是指在服務利他的宗教修行目標下，慈濟兩性的角色分工與性別認同並不明顯，有角色互換的情形，甚至因義工們互稱菩薩而呈現性別中性化的現象。 「女性化」與「去性別化」並存的矛盾代表佛教團體社會與宗教的兩種取向，或者世俗與神聖兩種關懷，對人們皆同等重要。作者試圖提供一個異於政治、經濟、一般社會的宗教角度，以瞭解臺灣社會的變遷。佛教已融入許多人的個人和家庭生活中，發揮其重建性別的影響力。
• 英文摘要： This paper examines changing faces of gender in the light of Buddhist laywomen's religious experience in oneof the most influential Buddhist sects in contemporary Taiwanese society, the Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu ChiFoundation. I delineate two trends of gender representations through an in-depth observation of its structuring princip-les, its group ethics, and its religious practices. The first is the feminization of the group's social image. Women takethe lead in group's promotion and voluntary work. Women's role attributes such as kindness, care, modesty, patience,and altruism are uplifted as the model manner in charity services. Maternal love is heightened to represent Buddha'sboundless compassion. The second tendency is the androgynization, or degenderization, of Buddhist identities versussocial identities. There are a great deal of exchange of roles, task assignments, and self-images between two genders.In their spiritual cultivation, men and women are required to abide by same rules and course of training. They showtheir fellowship by addressing each other Bodhisattva (pu sa, referring to the helper of good will), which is utterly gen-der-neutral. The coexistence of feminization and degenderization is an irony of the double-edged manifestation of Tzu Chi'ssocial and religious orientations, or secular and divine concerns of equal importance to human beings. In this paper, Ihope to present a perspective other than political, economic, and social ones on understanding Taiwanese society. Bud-dhism has become popular and has been integrated influentially into many people's personal and familial lives.
• 中文關鍵字： 佛教; 女性價值; 母性; 女性化; 去性別化
• 英文關鍵字： Buddhism; women's values; motherhood; feminization; androginization