• 作者： 鄭炳今; R. I. Greyson; D. B. Walden
• 作者服務機構： 加拿大安大略省西安大略大學植物學系
• 中文摘要： 本報告係對玉米（Zea mays L.）細胞核雄性不育（ms 10/ms 10）及其能育親本之花葯做一比較；這包括了由花葯始原體至雄花發育成熟為止的一段過程。各期花葯組織以戍二醛－甲醛混合溶液固定，並以四氧化鋨再固定，然後以環氧塑膠包埋。以光學顯微鏡觀察0.7μm厚之塑膠切片的結果顯示：雄性不育花葯與其能育親本（對照組）之花葯在小孢子早期即首次呈現細胞結構上的差異；雄性不育花葯之營養細胞呈空泡狀（細胞質解體）。小孢子之解體則延遲到小孢子後期才出現。在幼花粉期時，營養細胞已幾乎完全解體；花葯葯壁之中層細胞及內殼細胞亦呈衰退狀況。內殼細胞亦無桿狀細胞壁之形成。 在正常的玉米花葯中可發現只有花葯兩端的內殼細胞才具有桿狀細胞壁，同時，花葯的表面具有縱橫交錯的脊狀角質凸起，而雄性不育花葯則不具是項凸起。花葯之佈粉過程始於兩花粉囊間之葯隔組織破裂，兩囊間的表皮細胞與葯隔分離，使兩花粉囊合成一個大花粉腔；由於絕大部份的內殼細胞不具有桿狀細胞壁，故此步驟應與桿狀細胞壁無關；而花葯葯口之形成則可能與此桿狀細胞壁有關。 正常花葯發育過程中，在前胼胝質期，內殼細胞及表皮細胞中可發現大量澱粉粒，而此澱粉粒在小孢子早期逐漸消失；雄性不育與能育花葯在澱粉粒之分佈上並無任何顯著的不同。花粉形成時，能育植株的花粉內逐漸聚積了大量的澱粉，而雄性不育花葯則無這種現象。
• 英文摘要： Anther ontogeny of a genic male-sterilemutant (ms 10/ms 10) and a related, fertile cul-tivar of Zea was studied from the primordialstage through to tassel maturity. Fromglutaraldehyde-formalin fixed, OsO4 post-fixed,and plastic embedded material, light microscopyof 0.7μm sections revealed no developmentaldifferences between the two until the youngmicrospore stage. Vacuolation or cytoplasmicdisintegration of tapetal cells was detected inmale-sterile anthers at this stage. Disintegrationof microspores was not detected until the in-termediate microspore stage. By the youngpollen stage tapetal cells were highly disor-ganized and degeneration of the middle layerand endothecium was apparent. No endothecialwall thickenings developed in male sterileanthers. In normal anther development in Zea endo-thecial thickenings are found only at the an-terior and posterior ends of the anther. Ahighly ridged anther cuticle, which is essentiallyabsent in male-sterile anthers, is a commonfeature of fertile flowers. Anther dehiscenceinvolves a separation of the epidermis from theunderlying parenchyma of the connective toform a large pollen cavity from the two micros-porangial locules. This process does not involveendothecial fibrous wall thickenings as they arenot present over the bulk of the anther. For.mation of the anterior, pore is a separate processwhich involves changes in the endothecium wallthcikenings. During normal anther development starchaccumulates in the endothecium and epidermisat the pre-callose stage and disappears duringthe young microspore stage. No differenceswere noted in the male-sterile anthers. Duringthe formation of normal pollen considerablestarch accumulation is evident. However, noneis deposited at this late stage in the male-sterileanther.
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