- 作者: 李賢德
- 作者服務機構: 經濟部商品檢驗局
- 中文摘要:
1.由臺灣中北部地區馬鈴薯生產地採集馬鈴薯植株,以血清反應鑑定染有PVM之接種
源,經分離及接種試驗,觀察其病徵,測定其物理性質,以及電子顯微鏡之觀察結果,顯示本病
毒與 Bagnall (1956)及Horio (1969)等所述之PVM具有完全相同之性質,證實臺灣已有
PVM病毒之存在。
2.採集之18個感染PVM接種源,經Nicotiana debneyi Domin 接種於 Solanum
demissum Lindel分離,選取其中之44個分離株接種於 Datura metel L., Solanum demissum
Lindel, S. rostratum Dunal及馬鈴薯農林一號品種後,依各分離株在四種鑑別寄主植物發生之
病徵,可區分為嚴重(Severe)系統,普通(Ordinary)系統及輕度(Mild)系統等三?。在
S. demissum,嚴重系統產生嚴重不規則之細條斑點,嚴重漣葉,植株矮化,有者發生頂端壞疽等
病徵。普通系統產生嚴重細條斑點及漣葉。輕度系統產生輕度細條斑點及輕微之漣葉病徵。各系
統在其餘三種鑑別植物發生之病徵,幾乎仍均符合系統別產生輕微至嚴重之病徵。
3.每株染有PVM馬鈴薯植體內存在之系統種數介在1~2種之間,由18株感染PVM之
馬鈴薯材料中分離21個系統數,平均每株存在之系統種數僅 1.167。
4.由發生捲葉嵌紋馬鈴薯病株分離之嚴重系統數,在比例上較多於由波狀漣葉馬鈴薯病株
所得者,反之,輕度系統則波狀漣葉病株分離所得者,多於捲葉嵌紋病病株。
5. 以 Nicotiana debneyi 為接種植物,測得普通(M-6-1)及輕度(M-7-1)兩系統之耐
稀釋性同介於 1:1,000~5,000 之間,耐熱性則普通系統(M-6-1)為69℃,輕度系統(M-7-1)
為66℃,嚴重系統(M-9-1)之耐熱性為68℃,耐稀釋性則介於 1:5,000~10,000之閒。在S.
demissum,嚴重系統(M-9-1)之耐稀釋性介於 1:10,000~50,000,其餘普通及輕度兩系統均同
介於 1:5,000~10,000 之間。顯示 PVM 系統之耐稀釋性頗受接種寄主植物種類之影響。
6.在電子顯微鏡下觀察,嚴重系統(M-9-1)之病毒粒子為桿狀,長度為650 mμ。
t - 英文摘要: 1. Potato virus M(PVM) was identified existing in Taiwan, based on itssimilarity to the description of PVM by Bagnall et al. (1956) and Horio et al. (1969)in mode of transmission, symptomatology, physical properties, and particle morph-ology. 2. The reactions of Datura metel L., Solanum demissum Lindel, S. rostratumDunal and S·tuberosum L. var. Norin No. 1 against the 44 isolates of PVM Werestudied by means of sap inoculation. These strains could be divided into threegroups, Severe, Ordinary and Mild strains. on s. demissum the severe strainsproduced symptoms consisting of severe irregularly streak spotting, severe leavescrinkled and plant dwarfed, some of them producing top necrosis. The ordinaryand mild strains produced severe streak spotting with leaves crinkled and mildstreak spotting with slightly leaves crinkled, respectively. Almost the other threedifferential hosts, viz., D. metel, S. rostratum and potato var. Norin No. 1 showedsymptoms corresponding to the respective strains tested. 3. The population of strains of PVM in one PVM-infected potato plant was 1or 2, thus the average number obtained from the inoculation of 18 PVM-infectedpotato being 1.167 per plant. 4. The number of severe strains derived from leafrolling mosaic-infected potatoeswas larger than that of the paracrinkle-infected potatoes. The number of mildstrains of paracrinkle-infected potatoes was larger than that of the leafrollingmosaic-infected. 5. The ordinary strain (M-6-1) and mild strain (M-7-1) were similarly inactivat-ed at the dilution end point 1:1,000-5,000, and at the thermal inactivation point of69℃ and 66℃, respectively. The severe strain (M-9-1) was inactivated by tenminute-exposure to 68℃, and at the dilution end point between 1:5,000-10,000. OnS. demissum, the severe strain (M-9-1) was inactivated at the dilution end pointnear 1:10,000-50,000, whereas the remainders revealed the same dilution end pointbetween 1:5,000-10;000. It is evidenced that the dilution end point of strains of PVMare influenced by the difference in plant inoculated. 6. In electronmicroscopy, the virus particles of severe strain (M-9-1), to berod-shaped, with a normal length of 650 mμ were observed.
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