第7卷‧第7期,
197907
, pp. 733-740
除油劑對草蝦及虱目魚苗之毒性影響
- 作者:
陳弘成; 張金豐
- 作者服務機構:
國立臺灣大學動物學研究所
- 中文摘要:
布輪觸礁沉沒,大量原油污染了北部沿岸海域。因清除油污之關係已使用為數不少之除油劑,本報告乃探討除油劑對主要之水產生物的急速毒性,並研究其對攝食量及生長的影響,同時建議一些毒性較低之除油劑於必要時使用。其結果如下: 1.不論何種除油劑,其濃度愈高,對於草蝦苗及虱目魚苗之毒性亦愈大,即LT 值亦愈短。 2.蝦苗及魚苗對於除油劑毒性之忍受能力各不相同,一般言之,對於低毒性或低濃度之除油劑,魚苗都比蝦苗更具有耐力。 3.因蝦苗對除油劑較為敏感,且其游泳而逃離油劑的能力弱,故蝦類之資源量較易受影響。 4.所有的除油劑都具有毒姓,但以Seagreen 805及BP 1100為最低,約為其他種除油劑毒姓之1/100~1/1000,故除了觀光地區或必要地點外,最好不要使用除油劑,以免破壞水中之生態系統。 5.低濃度之除油劑能影響攝食量,但當其濃度使蝦苗或魚苗之攝食量分別減低50%及20%時,則此濃度亦會引起慢性死亡。 6.低濃度之除油劑亦能抑制二種生物之生長,而其生長影響之大小與除油劑濃度之高低有關。 7.除油劑對於蝦苗之安全濃度為 0.2 ppm BP 1100、0.5 ppm Seagreen 805 及 0.1 ppmDunall O.S.E.。而魚苗之安全濃度則分別為 5 ppm BP 1100、10 ppm Seagreen 805 及 0.2 ppmDunall O.S.E.。
- 英文摘要:
The toxicity of some surfactants and theireffects of food consumption and growth onmilkfish Chaonos chanos and grass shrimp Penaeusmonodon have been studied and compared in orderto find the less toxic surfactants for oil clean-upoperation. Some results are summarized asfollows: 1. Marine animals have different toleranceto the surfactants, with milkfish being the lesssusceptible than grass shrimp. 2. The higher the concentration of surfact-ants used, the shorter the LT value for theanimals. 3. Of the surfactants tested, Seagreen 805and BP1100 are the least toxic. Therefore, theycan be applied limitedly on tourist spot andspecial areas. 4. Lower concentrations of surfactants,although not lethal to the milkfish and grassshrimp, were found to inhibit their growth anddecrease their food consumption. 5. It is shown that a concentration decrsea-ing food consumption of milkfish and grassshrimp by 20% and 50% respectively was foundto be lethal in growth study. 6. Biologically safe concentrations foundfor shrimp are 0.1 ppm Dunall O.S.E., 0.2ppmBP1100 and 0.5 ppm Seagreen 805 and for mil-kfish 0.2ppm Dunall O.S.E., 5ppm BP1100 and10ppm Seagreen 805.
- 中文關鍵字:
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- 英文關鍵字:
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