第8卷‧第10期,
198010
, pp. 930-940
甘藷優良後裔選拔基準之研究
- 作者:
李良
- 作者服務機構:
臺灣省農業試驗所嘉義農業試驗分所
- 中文摘要:
本研究利用兩組甘藷品系試驗資料為研究材料:一為八個品系在同一地點連續三年之試驗,另一為十五個品系在兩個地區進行一年之試驗,採用與甘藷質量有密切關係之性狀,探討對選拔塊根產量及塊根蛋白質含量所構成之最佳選種指數式,以供選拔優良甘藷品種之應用。 採用塊根個數,每個塊根均重、莖葉重、莖長、分枝數、節間距離及莖直徑等性狀構成十三種選種指數式中,以(1)由莖葉重、莖長、分枝數、節間距離及莖直徑等五種性狀;(2)由莖長及節間距離二種性狀;(3)由莖長、分枝數及節間距離等三種性狀及(4)由莖長、節間距離及莖直徑等三種性狀等所構成之四種選種指數式為最優,其相對效率均比僅由塊根產量構成者,提高 85~89%。而採用塊根個數及每個塊根均重等二種性狀所構成之選種指數,其選種效率較僅由塊根收量構成者為低,故前四種選種指數式,可供選拔高塊根產量品種應用。 應用塊根汁液中可溶性固形物、塊根肉色及塊根中 % inhibition 等特性所構成九種選種指數式,其中以塊根汁液中可溶性固形物及塊根肉色等二種特性所構成之選種指數式最佳,其選種效力比僅由塊根蛋白質含量構成者,可提高 47%,又由塊根汁液中可溶性固形物,塊根乾物率及塊根肉色等三種性狀及用塊根汁液中可溶性固形物、塊根乾物率、塊根肉色及塊根中之 %inhibition 等四種特性所構成之二種選種指數,其相對效率比由塊根蛋白質含量構成者,皆提高17%,故此三種選種指數式,可供以選拔高蛋白質品種應用。
- 英文摘要:
The data obtained from two sets of sweetpotato lines tests, one set with 8 lines grownat the same location for the 3 consecutive yearsand another set with 15 lines grown at twolocations in one year were used to constructand evaluate suitable selection indices for selec-tion of root yield and protein content of sweetpotato based on the most influential quantityand quality characteristics. In comparing the relative magnitudes ofgenotypic variance among lines , interactionvariance of lines x environment , and errorvariance components to phenotypic variancesof all traits, the results showed that the genotypiccomponents accounted for a large portion ofthe phenotypic variance and error variance com-ponents were elatively smallr for root yield, No.of roots, average Wt. per root, stem and leavesWt., stem length, No. of branches, length ofinternodes and stem diameter. Genotypic x yearinteraction components were relatively large forroot yield, indicating the important of testing indifferent years; small for No. of roots, averageWt. per root, stem and leaves Wt., stem length,No. of branches, and stem diameter. Relative to magnitude of genotypic variancecomponents were generally large for proteincontent of roots, percent dry matter of roots,and root flesh color; small for percent ofsoluble solids in root juices and % inhibition inroots. The magnitude of genotypic x locationsinteraction variance and error variance com-ponents were generally large for percent ofsoluble solide in root juice, % inhibition inroots and protein content of roots, and relativelysmall for percent dry matter of roots and rootflesh color. The root yield was found to be positivelycorrelated with No. of roots average Wt. perroot, stem and leaves Wt., stem length, No. ofbranches and length of internodes, as shown bythe phenotypic and genotypic correlation coeffi-cients. The number of roots was negativelycorrelated with internodes length, indicating thatthe length of internodes, with the stem lengthheld constant, is the most important trait indetermining the number of roots. The averageWt. per root was found to be positively cor-related with No. of branches and stem andleaves Wt., suggesting that the development andenlargement of the fleshy roots is directlyaffected by the stem and leaves Wt. and No. ofbranches. There were positively correlations, bothphenotypic and genotypic, between proteincontent of roots and percent of soluble solidsin root juices, between root flesh color andprotein content of roots, and between percentof souble solids in root juices and root fleshcolor. These results indicate that both percentof soluble solids in root juices and root fleshcolor are likly to be of major im portant ininfluencing the protein content of roots. The traits included in the selection indicesfor root yield were No. of root, average Wt.per root, stem length, No. of branches, in-ternodes length and stem diameter. The resultsindicated that the selection indices based onfive traits, stem and leaves Wt. stem length,No. of branches, internodes length and stemdiameter; two traits, stem length and internodeslength, and the three traits, stem length, No.of branches and internodes length, or stemlength, internodes length and stem diamerwould be expected to increase the efficiency ofselection for root yield by 89% to 85%, relativeto selection for root yield alone. A selectionindex based on two yield components, numberof roots and average and Wt. per root did notshow better efficiency than that resulting fromstraight selection. The different quality characteristics includedin selection indices for protein content of rootswere percent of soluble solids in root juices,percent dry matter of roots, root flesh colorand % inhibition in roots. The results showedthat the selection indices comprising percentof soluble solids in root juices and root flesh color gave a higher selection efficieney (47%)than that obtained from selection for proteincontent alone. Another selection indices com-posed of percent of soluble solids in root juices,percent dry matter of roots and root flesh color,and percent of soluble solids in root juices,percent dry matter of roots, root flesh colorand % inhibition in roots showed an increasedefficiency of 17% as that resulting from straightselection.
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