• 作者： 吳文川; 翁秀蕙
• 作者服務機構： 國立中興大學植物病理學系; 中央研究院植物研究所
• 中文摘要： 桃細菌性穿孔病近年來在臺灣梨山一帶普遍而嚴重發生，根據民國六十五年及六十六年七月在梨山武陸農場和福壽山農場的調查結果，知其所栽植的水蜜桃皆發生此病，發病率高達100%；中津白桃、砂子早生、白鳳、大和早生、大久保、上海蜜桃、離核水蜜、倉方早生、白桃及西野等十品種的葉片罹病率高達43～76%，每葉片平均病斑數有5至10個之多；大久保、中津白桃及西野等三品種的果實罹病率高達13～18%，每一果實平均病斑數有16～32 個之多。從此等水蜜桃葉部、果賓及枝條上病組織分別分離獲得的病原細菌 Xanthomonas Pruni（E.F.smith）Dowson 是－種產生黃色菌落的革蘭氏陰性細菌；在電子顯微鏡之下觀察，其形態均為桿狀，具有一條單極生鞭毛，依其菌體大小可分成 1.5～1.7×0.6～0.7 大小的短型桿狀及 2.1～3.0×0.4～0.8 大小的長型桿狀兩種類型；其培養及生理生化性質與 Bergey's Manual of Deter-minative Baeteriology 或 C.M·I· Descriptions of pathogenie Fungi and Baeteria 所記載者大致相同，但對菊糖分解有顯著變異。 X. Pruni 的14個菌株中有13個菌株具有潛溶性，可產生氯仿感受性的溫和噬菌體，所形成的溶菌斑為小、混濁狀、圓形且具有完整邊緣。從中津白桃、大久保、西野等水蜜桃葉片及果實病組織上分離出的毒力噬菌體，對氯仿具有抗性，能形成圓形且具有平滑邊緣的大型透明狀溶菌斑。此等溫和、毒力噬菌體的寄主範圍窄小，僅感染X. pruni，而不能感染 Agrobacteriumtumefaciens, Erwinia amylovora, E. carotovora, Pseudomonas mangiferaeindicae, P. solanacearum,X. citri, X. oryzae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella anatum, S. panama, S. typhimurium 及 Shigellaflexneri 等其他供試的植物或動物病原細菌。 室內藥劑篩選試驗結果顯示，鏈黴素液劑、大生45、大生22、Panolil 40、大佳、新萬生-D、安收多、8-8式波爾多液、Zincofol、快得寧及大果丹-銅等 11 種藥劑對 X. pruni 的生長具有良好的鉚制效力，尤以鏈黴素液劑及大生 45 的效力特別優異。
• 英文摘要： Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas pruni(E. F. Smith) Dowson has recently occurredpopularly and seriously on peaches in Taiwan.During the years of 1976 to 1977, it occurredon all the peach trees grown in both WulingFarm and Fushoushan Farm, VACRS, Lishan.43% to 76% of the leaves of Nakatsuhakuto,Sunagowasei, Hakuho, Yamatowasei, Ohokubo,Singhaesuimito, Kurakatawasei, Hakuto, andNishino peaches were infected with the orderof 5 to 10 local lesions per leaf, while 13 to18% of the fruits of Ohokubo, Nakatsuhakuto,and Nishino peaches were infected with theorder of 16 to 32 local lesions per fruit. Fourteen strains of X. pruni isolated fromdiseased leaves, twigs and fruits of peaches inLishan were yellow-pigmented, gram-negativerod with a single polar flagellum. They consistedof short and long rods measuring 1.5-1.7 x 0.6-0.7 and 2.1-3.0 x 0.4-0.8 , respectively. Theyhydrolysed casein, gelatin, starch and aesculin,utilized citrate, produced catalase, oxidase andlipase, but did not produce indole, H S, ureaseand pectolytic enzyme, did not reduce nitrateand nitrite, and decomposed and produced acidfrom most of the carbohydrates tested, resultsof which resembled those described by Bergey'sManual of Determinative Bacteriology or C.M.I.Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria.They exhibited, a significant variation in decom-position of inulin: 3 strains were positive, whilethe other strains were negative. Thirteen outof 14 X. pruni used were found to be lysogenicand released temperate phages which were sen-sitive to chloroform and produced circular, entire,turbid, small plaques. Virulent phages isolatedfrom diseased leaves and fruits of the peachesin Lishan were resistant to chloroform and pro-duced circular, entire, clear, large plaques. Thesetemperature and virulent phages infected X.pruni, but did not infect Agrobacterium tume-faciens, Erwinia amylovora, E. carotovora, Pseudo-monas mangiferaeindicae, P. solanacerum, X. citri,X, oryzae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella anatum,S. panama, S. typhimurium and Shigella flexneri. The in vitro growth of X. pruni was inhibitedby Streptomycin, Dithane M-45, Dithane M-22,Panolil 40, Dikar, Manzate D, Antracol, 8-8Bordeaux mixture, Zincofol, Copper-8-hydroxyquinone and Delan-K, among which Stre-ptomycin and Dithane M-45 showed to be themost effective.
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