• 作者： 鄔清標; 黃光華
• 作者服務機構： 臺灣省農業試驗所
• 中文摘要： 1.利用重力及吸力作用而將秧苗由小蝶盤裹吸落掉至田面的落苗管裝置初製模型如圖示，作
  用性能尚佳。
  2.秧苗由小苗盤被吸落的難易與苗狀土本身的含水率關係最大，關係式為y=-13x + 458
  （r=-0.976)，式中Y=吸力（單位水柱高m/m），X =?土含水率（單位：％），上式顯示?土
  含水率愈高愈容易被吸落。
  3.小苗盤的形狀，以上圓直徑13mm，下圓直徑20mm，高度17mm之錐臺型吸落落情況較佳
  ，不過依計算，若配用在落苗管徑25mm上使用時，每公頃育苗需土量為888kg，略多於目前所
  推廣爪筷式動力插秧機，又育苗箱數為514箱，約為爪筷式的兩倍，此點應再進一步研究，以期
  簡化育苗方式。
  4.斜度較大的錐型小苗盤，雖然阻力較小在?上含水率較低時，落苗情祝比直筒型為易，但
  其上圓直徑較小，可容納種子量較少，若以平鋪方式，蓬萊稻種，上圓直徑為l0mm時，只能容
  納2.8粒，較容易造成缺株。
  5.苗盤製造，若採用實心塑膠板，則材料浪費多，重量大，又材質不良時，易造成變曲變形
  ，影響氣密度，若採用筍立式育苗盤，可能情況較好，又育苗時宜將苗盤置於育苗槽內，槽內保
  持，定高度的水面，以便利給水，免於秧苗因略疏勿而枯死。
  6.小秧苗塊重量以3公克，落下高度58公分計，則其落至田面的衝力為348gr，此等衝力不大
  ，對於?土含水率在20％以內時，不易促其變形而黏著於田土，但對於含水率30％左右時則可，
  因此實際田間作業時?土含水率宜保持在30％左右，同時田面水深宜儘量減少，以免受水面衝擊
  而造成倒伏苗。r
• 英文摘要： 1. A model-of the seedling tube, which is based on the gravitational force and the suctional force so that seedlings can be dropped on the surface of the rice field, have been described. The function of the tube is in order.2. Whether that seedlings can be suctioned from the small seedling cone plate is relative largely to the moisture content of the soil. The relative formula is Y--13x＋458. (r-..0.976 ). where Y=suctional force (Unit: water column height m/m）.X=bed soil moisture content （％）.From the above formula, we will find when the moisture content is heigher, the seedlings will be much more easy to be suctioned.3. The diameter of the upper circle of the small seeding cone plate is 13 m/m. And the lower circle is 20 m/m in diameter. The height of the cone is 17 m/m. The sizes metioned above are pretty good for this pu- rpose. However, if the seedling tube is 25 m/m, then, by calculation, the soil needed will be 888 kg per hec- tare, this quantity of soil will, be slightly higher than the chopstick type model. And the seedling nur- sery bo will be 514 boes, which will be two times unmber of boxes that, the chopstick uype model needed. Hence, the nusery process wi八be simplified.4. If the cone angle of the small seedling plate is big, the resistance will be very small when the bed soil is in lower moisture, the seed- lings will be dropped very easily compared with the column type plate. However, since the diameter of the upper circle is very small, which will contain few rice seeds. That is, when the upper circle is 10 m/m in diameter, where cnly 2.8 of ponlai rice grains are contained. Hence, there will be many empty spots in the rice field after trans- planting.5. If the seedling plate is made with flate thick plastic plate, there will be a lot of plastic material needed and with a heavy weight. Further- more, if the quality of the plastic material is inferior, the pattern of the seedling plate will be changed irregularly, this irregular pattern will affect the air-flow. If the stand-type seedling plate is adopted, the above condition will be impr- oved. Furthermore, the seedling plate is better stored in a nursery pool with a certain height of water while it is in nursery season, that is the way to keep the seedlings in wet.6. If the total weight of each sticking soil rice seedling is 3 grams which is in a height of 58 cm above the field surface, then, the total im- pulsive force to the field surface will be 348 grams. Since this im- pulsive force is very. small, if the ·bed soil moisture is within 20% this seedling will be adhered handly to the -field surface soil. However, if the moisture is around 30% these seedlings can adhere to the surfce soil. Therefore, the moisture of the bed soil is better to be kept around 30% while it is prepared for field operation. In -the meantime, it is better to be kept with less water in the field so that the lodging will be avoided.
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