• 作者： 臧國仁
• 作者服務機構： 國立政治大學新聞系
• 中文摘要： 有關新聞媒體與消息來源的互動關係，雖然久已成為新聞傳播研究的重點之一，以往研究過於執著各自立場，以致往往無法完整描述新聞產製過程的真貌。本研究嘗試以系統理論為基礎，重新解釋新聞為一開放且具競爭之過程。本文認為，新聞媒體無法獨立完成採訪報導工作，而須仰賴消息來源提供背景資料。因此，新聞乃新聞媒體組織與消息來源共同建構的社會真實。在社會情境中，兩者各有競爭者，互相爭取獨佔資源的可能性。這種競爭的成功與否，則視各自動員組織力量的大小。另一方面，新聞媒體與消息來源各自設定工作目標，並依此選擇適當的工作對象。這種既競爭又合作的關係，會影響社會議題的出現與發展。
• 英文摘要： Although the dynamic relationship between the news media and news sources has been well addressedin the past research, few studies attempt to discuss the flow of news from a broad and holistic perspective,and therefore are unable to reflect the reality that news is not made by either the media or the source alone.The purpose of this study is to review the process of news making based on a general system approach. Thestudy proposes that news is in fact a reproduced social reality made possible with joint efforts from boththe media and news sources. Each of these two systems, however, faces own competitors from the socialenvironment; whether each can earn credits from the other side depends on its ability to mobilize internalsources. The final part of this paper presents a contingent view by suggesting not to use the concept ofpower to explain the interrelationship between the media and news source. Rather, a situational theory ofcommunication is chosen.
• 中文關鍵字： 新聞媒體; 消息來源; 系統學; 傳播生態學
• 英文關鍵字： --