• 作者： 蔡淑鈴; 瞿海源
• 作者服務機構： 中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所; 中央研究院民族學研究所
• 中文摘要： 回顧過去三十年來教育階層化研究之發展，工業化論可說是最重要之立論根據。然而，近年來的研究成果不僅有難以比較的困難，甚至還會有彼此矛盾、加深困惑的現象。其原因之一是，研究方法上的限制與缺失。基於此，國際社會學會「社會階層與社會流動」研究委員會，在 Yossi Shavit 與 Hans-Peter Blossfeld的推動下，著手規劃跨國家之集體合作計劃。參與該項合作研究之各國成員使用一致的分析方法，個別針對自己國家的實證資料進行探入探討，並將研究成果集中在1990年的社會學世界大會上發表。本篇論文係根據我們參與上述研究計劃所得到之成果改寫而成。除了報告台灣的實證發現外，我們尚進一步整理各國之研究發現。我們發現，在台灣教育機會平等只是一個理想，還不是事實。和其他國家的研究發現相比較的話，父親教育以及地域間不均衡發展所導致的教育機會不均等現象，似乎是普同化的趨勢，但是省籍差異則是台灣獨有的現象。早在基礎義務教育的階段，省籍的因素就已經介入教育機會的分配了。義務教育的延長，只是促使顯著的省籍差異現象提升至國中階段罷了！
• 英文摘要： For the past three decades, researchers on stratification have been studying historical changes, or cohortdifferences, in the parameters of the educational attainment process. The Industrialization Thesis leads us toexpect a declining“ascription”in this educational attainment process in industrialized societies. Also, schoolreforms carried out worldwide during the 1960s were likewise aimed, among other things, at reducing back-ground effects on the educational attainment process. Nevertheless, empirical research on the educational attainment process has produced inconsistent findings. This inconsistency is partly due to definitional problems in the concept of inequality, and partly due to methodologicalproblems in measuring change. Using a common methodology in measuring change and a common definition inthe concept of inequality, a group of researchers interested in the subject of equality of educational opportunityparticipated under the overall coordination of Yossi Shavit and Hans-Peter Blossfeld in an international researchproject to examine educational stratification in different societies. The results of all participants of this project, including our report for Taiwan, were presented at the 1990 ISA World Congress in Madrid，Spain. In this paper, we explore cross-cohort changes in educational stratification in Taiwan. We find that, althoughthe average level of educational attainment has steadily increased over time, there is still rather weak evidence ofdeclining background effects on educational attainment. The effect of the father's education on schooling of hischildren remains significant in the youngest cohorts studied. Moreover, the extension of compulsory educationfrom six to nine years did not diminish the double disadvantages of the Taiwanese, in contrast to Mainlanders,in the process of educational transition.
• 中文關鍵字： 教育階層化; 社會變遷; 教育分配; 工業化論; 邏輯模型; 升學階梯機率; 省籍差異
• 英文關鍵字： --