• 作者： 胡弘道
• 作者服務機構： 國立臺灣大學森林學系
• 中文摘要： 本研究之天然菌根型分類依據，乃基於化學試劑對菌根元素之顏色反應、短根在光學顯微鏡與掃瞄電子顯微鏡下之解剖特徵，及菌氈菌絲之微細差異。由本研究可確定臺灣冷杉有七種菌根型，鐵杉有九種，華山松及臺灣二葉松各具七種，臺灣雲杉則只四種外生菌根型。於臺灣二葉松及鐵杉天然林下發現之菌根菌：Boletus luridus, Suillus bovinus, S. luteus, S. granulatus 等皆能分離生長於 MMN 徉菜培養基上；於冷杉根域找到為褐色短根纏繞之地下菌根菌子實體，Elaphomyces granulatus 則不生長於 MMN 洋菜培養基上。Boletus luridus 及由臺灣冷杉菌根分離出之 Cenococcum geophilum 可分別與臺灣二葉松形成白色及黑色菌根。 二月大小之臺灣二葉松幼苗，經接種 Boletus luridus 三個月後，對促進高生長及針葉之磷吸收量，皆較未接種者呈極顯著（P＜0.01）之效應。未接種之苗木針葉，呈現明顯缺磷之病症，並遲滯生長。一些新發現可能為菌根菌之地下菌種：Rhizopogon sp., Tuber sp., Elaphomyces sp.及 Melanogaster sp.，其正確學名仍在鑑定中。
• 英文摘要： The objectives of this study were: 1. toascertain the natural mycorrhizal types of Abieskawakamii (Hay.) Ito, Tsuga chinensis (Fr.) Pritzex Diels, Pinus armandii Fr., P. taiwanensis Hay.,and Picea morrisonicola Hay. in virgin forests,which grow at the high elevation in Taiwan;2. to find some fungi, which were assumed toform mycorrhizae with these tree species, andtry to isolate and culture them on MMN agarmedium; and 3. to test its absorption ability tounavailable phosphorous compound and its effecton height growth of inoculated seedlings. The natural mycorrhizal classification in thisstudy was based on the color reaction of my-corrhizal elements to chemical reagents, theanatomical characteristics of short roots undereither light or scanning electron microscope.From this study, it was found out that therewere 7 ectomycorrhizal types for Abies kawa-kamii, 9 for Tsuga chinensis, 7 for Pinus armandiiand P. taiwanensis respectively and 4 for Piceamorrisonicola. The fruiting-bodies of mycorrhizalfungi, viz. Boletus luridus Schaeff. ex Fr., Suillusbovinus (L. ex Fr.) Kuntze, S. luteus (L. ex Fr.)Grau, S. granulatus (L. ex Fr.) Kuntze, were col-lected under P. taiwanensis and Tsuga chinensisstands, could be isolated and cultured on MMNagar medium. Many fruiting-bodies of Elapho-myces granulatus Fr., which were entangled withA. kawakamii brown rootlets (Fig. 50), werecollected. Boletus luridus and isolated Cenococcumgeophilum from the black mycorrhizae of A.kawakamii could form white and black mycor-rhizae with Taiwan red pine seedlings respec-tively. The 2-month old Taiwan red pine seedlingswere inoculated with B. luridus, and after 3months, their height growth and phosphorusabsorption ability of the inoculated Taiwan redpine seedlings were significantly stimulated (p＜0.01), but the noninoculated showed stagnatedgrowth and phosphorus deficient symptom inneedles. Some possibly hypogeous mycorrhizal fungi,viz. Rhizopogon sp. Tuber sp., Elaphomyces sp.(Fig. 50b), and Melanogaster sp. were not yetidentified.
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