- 作者: 黃毅志
- 作者服務機構: 國立臺東師範學院教育研究所
- 中文摘要: In Taiwan, most quantitative work on social stratification follows the traditional status attainment model. Research relates to the New Structuralism frame is limited and many important issues still need to be explored. Given the New Structuralism approach (which Taiwan labor markets were divided into nine parts), we use the data of 1992 Taiwan Social Change Survey to investigate the differences among career achievements (occupation, income and subjective occupational status) in Taiwan's multiple labor markets. The empirical results show that, all career achievement indices in the public sector are the highest among labor markets; in the private sector, the larger the firms, the better the career achievements. And, employees in the public sector are also with the highest level of education; in the private sector, the larger the firms, the higher the level of education. However, with the same level of education, we find that the employees' career achievements in public sectors or large firms are not necessarily better than those who work for middle or small firms. On the contrary, the bosses in private sectors (mainly petty bourgeoisie) have the highest income in all labor markets. We argue that this fact is due to the rapid educational expansion that makes too many job-seeking and highly educated people. So the public sectors or large firms are not necessarily helpful to career achievements because of the keen competition among highly educated people, even though there are some good characteristics of primary labor markets in internal labor markets existing in public sectors or large firms. Nevertheless, we also find that the net effect of education on occupational attainments in public sectors is significantly larger than that in private sectors. Furthermore, after controlling education, income, and occupation, employees in public sectors have higher subjective occupational status than those in private sectors. These facts imply that the public-private sector per se constitutes the segmentation of subjective strata.
- 英文摘要: 臺灣既有的階層化研究多循傳統的地位取得模型,以新結構論之架構來探討者並不多,因而存在許多重要議題尚待進一步釐清。過去研究曾以新結構論的觀點區分臺灣勞力市場為九大類,本文以此一研究為基礎,運用「1992年臺灣地區社會變遷調查階層組」資料,討論不同勞力市場的事業成就差異:包括職業、收入與主觀職業地位三個面向。研究結果顯示:在所有的勞力市場中,各項事業成就均數都以公家部門最佳;而私人部門中,受雇者公司規模愈大,事業成就愈佳。就教育程度的分布來看,仍以公家部門的平均教育年數最高;私人部門中則公司規模愈大,平均教育年數愈高。不過,相同教育程度者,任職於公家部門或私人部門大公司者,其事業成就不見得就比在私人部門中、小公司為佳;反之,如果成了私人部門的老闆階級(主要是小老闆),收入則為各類勞力市場中最高者。筆者推論:此一現象的產生可能是因為教育迅速擴充之後,高教育程度的謀職者也快速增加,而公家部門或大公司因具有初級勞力市場的優良特質,容易吸引大量的高教育者前來就職,使得就業競爭激烈,對事業成就不一定有利。本研究同時發現:在公家部門中教育年數對職業的影響,顯著地大於其在私人部門內的影響;而控制教育、收入、職業後,公家部門受雇者的主觀職業地位仍高於許多私部門就職者。換言之,臺灣勞力市場中,公、私部門本身即構成一項主觀階層的區分。
- 中文關鍵字: labor market, educational expansion, public-private sector, career achievement
- 英文關鍵字: 勞力市場,教育擴充,公私部門,事業成就