• 作者： 陳皎眉; 藍釆風
• 作者服務機構： 國立政治大學心理研究所; 印地安拿坡里斯大學行為科學系
• 中文摘要： 由於社會的變遷，家庭的結構和功能也都有所改變，不但婦女工作的比例增加，傳統家庭互相支持的功能也在減弱之中，現代中國家庭正面臨前所未有的壓力。 過去有關“壓力與適應”的研究雖然不少，理論架構也相當完整，但有關壓力源的探討，卻一直集中於對特定事件，例如，離婚，或以“社會再適應量表”及“日常生活的困擾”定義壓力所做的研究。而日常生活中，因為扮演多種角色，必需不斷應付生活或工作上的要求，負荷過重所造成的壓力，卻很少被注意到。本研究因此針對此缺失，自編了「日常生活需求」及「社會支持」量表，另探用「生活滿意」及「身心健康」量表，對職業婦女與家庭主婦做一比較。 根據對台北市444名婦女所做的調查發現，職業婦女較家庭主婦經驗更多的日常生活需求，但是她們也得到較多的幫助。所有婦女都希望她們每天能花24小時以上來處理生活需求，也認為她們實際上花了24小時以上在處理，其中尤以職業婦女為甚。可見婦女的壓力極大。二組婦女在處理日常生活需求上所得到的實質幫助都很少，而其中，她們的配偶都是最常提供協助的人，尤其是職業婦女。 一般而言，二組婦女對生活都是傾向於滿意的，但家庭主婦在整體量表及家庭關係與親戚關係二向度上，都較職業婦女更為滿意。另外，二組婦女在身心健康量表上的得分均極低，顯示婦女們的身心狀況均屬良好，但職業婦女在憂鬱分數上顯著的高於非職業婦女，此可能與傳統價值觀，文化，工作本身均有關。 本文最後針對研究結果，提出討論與建議。
• 英文摘要： Although a massive amount of literature on stress and coping already exists within a well-developed theoretical framework, studies on stressors include only those associated with specificevents (i.e., divorce) or measuring devices such as the“Social Readjustment Rating Scale”and“Daily Hassle Scale.”Stress related to daily work overload has been overlooked; therefore,two new scales have been developed: the Daily Life Demand Scale and the Social Support Scale.These, along with two other scales-the Life Satisfaction Scale and the Symptomatic Scale-areused to make comparisons between working women and housewives. Results from a survey of 444 Taipei women revealed that while working women experiencemore daily life demands than housewives, they also enjoy more support in dealing with thosedemands. Also, questionnaire results showed that both groups expect and perceive themselvesas actually spending more than 24 hours per day meeting their daily demands. It is thereforeapparent that stress levels for all women are generally very high, even more so for workingwomen. Data show that both groups receive little instrumental support; husbands give the mostfrequent support, and it appears that husbands of working women are more responsive. Housewives report higher levels of life satisfaction; however, both groups appear to besatisfied with their lives overall. Three areas of satisfaction reflect significant differences be-tween the two groups: family relations, relations with relatives, and total score from the LifeSatisfaction Scale. Although working women experience a higher degree of depression, bothgroups reported minor symptoms of somatization, depression, and anxiety. Interpretation and discussion of survey results are presented in the paper.
• 中文關鍵字： daily life demands; social support; life satisfaction; health; working women
• 英文關鍵字： --