• 作者： 王一雄; 羅復興; 王永琴; 陳玉麟
• 作者服務機構： 國立台灣大學農業化學系; 台灣省畜產試驗所飼料作物系
• 中文摘要： 除草劑巴拉刈在台灣已被普遍的使用多年，由於已知其在土壤中很快的被土壤固定，故本研究探討巴拉刈對土壤物
  理化學性質之影響及對水稻與玉米幼苗生長之影響。
  土壤中巴拉刈含量提高至290 ppm，對土壤pH值並無顯著改變。土壤導電度則隨巴拉刈含量之增加而增加。鹿港坋
  質壤土、竹子湖壤土及平鎮枯土在不加巴拉刈時之導電度分別為0.485, 0.290及0.070 mmho，隨著巴拉刈濃度逐漸提高
  至290 ppm時，土壤導電度可分別提高至0.906, 0.519及0.163 mmho。在加入達0.29 ppm巴拉刈於土壤中，則土壤之陽
  離子交換能量會增加，但巴拉刈濃度在0.29 ppm以上則土壤中之陽離子交換能量不再增加。在有機物含量較低的土
  壤（平鎮牯土）中加入290 ppm之巴拉刈則較不加巴拉刈時減少其保水能力，但在有機物含量較高的土壤（竹子湖壤
  土）中則增加。巴拉刈對於土壤尿素水解?活性之效應亦有相同之趨勢。水稻及玉米種子在土耕中之發芽似不受巴拉刈
  含量之影響，但對水耕中則延遲數天發芽。水稻幼苗之生長在根部及莖部均受巴拉刈抑制，但在玉米幼苗之生長則僅莖
  部受抑制。
  文
• 英文摘要： Paraquat has been quite popular and widely used in Taiwan for many years and is known to berapidly inactivated on contact with soil. In order to understand the behavior of paraquat in the environment,the effects of the herbicide on soil properties and on the growth of rice and corn seedlings were studied. Soil pH was not significantly affected even when the concentration of paraquat was elevated to 290ppm. Soil conductivity increased with paraquat increment. The results showed 0.485, 0.290 and 0.070 mmhosof soil conductivity for Lukang silty loam, Chutzuhu loam and Pincheng clay, respectively. The conductivitygradually increased to 0.906, 0.519 and 0.163 mmhos when paraquat was gradually added up to a level of290 ppm. The cation exchange capacity was significantly reduced by paraquat treatment. At a concentrationof 0.29 ppm, the reduction was about 6.9, 1.1 and 2.1% of the total exchange capacity for Lukang, Chutzuhuand Pincheng soil, respectively. No further reduction was observed at higher rates. The moisture retentioncapacity was decreased by adding 290 ppm of paraquat to soil with lower organic matter content, but in-creased in soil with higher organic matter content. The same tendency was also found in the effects ofparaquat on the activity of soil urease. Paraquat had no significant effect on the germination of rice andcorn in a soil culture, but it was delayed for several days in a water culture. The growth of both stemand root for rice was inhibited by paraquat, and the growth of stem, but not root, for corn was inhibited.
• 中文關鍵字： paraquat; soil property; rice and corn seedlings
• 英文關鍵字： --