• 作者： 毛松霖
• 作者服務機構： 國立臺灣師範大學地球科學系
• 中文摘要： 在測試時間與題數之限制之下要發展出一種可適合我國需要的科學過程技能標準化測驗工具，則該工具中之每一測驗項目必須均具有指標性，以便使不同受試者之能力可充分反應表現出來；同時使同一種能力水準之受試者對這些指標性試題均能呈現幾乎近似之反應型態。 由三年來深入探討如何自行發展〞解釋資料評量工具〞之研究經驗，本文即在回顧並指出，除了傳統性的以專家觀點主觀選定代表性試題之方式外，尚有兩種應加以運用，才能使試題更具有指標性：且(A)由長期橫斷性及縱貫性之研究分析來驗證所選試題是否具有指標性；(B)採用有關課知理論所引申出來之學生反應層次模式（SOLO）來設計試題並加以對比分析、以確定其指標性之程度。 以上兩種方法經過測試分析結果顯示受試者針前者所選指標性試題之反應型式甚為一致；而對後者發現雖然試規已照理論模式加以架構，學生能力亦可顯示其差異性，但若要純以單一之試題來深入分析學生是否確定具有某項能力、則仍嫌不足，有待進一步之改進或其它方法之輔助運用。
• 英文摘要： Under the constraints of limited time and number of items to be tested in a standardized testfor process skills, each item of the test is supposed to be indicative enough to reflect the differentability levels of examinees; meanwhile, examinees with the same ability should display as similar aresponse pattern as possible among those indicative items. Over 3 years of study in the development of tools for testing the abilities in "interpretingdata" for students in our country the author has used two additional approaches besides thetraditional method of panel evaluation in selecting indicative items: (A)By longitudinal andcross-sectional study of the responses of examinees, the data of the same idividuals were analysedto verify whether or not the selected items were indicative; (B)By applying SOLO Taxonomy forthe design of structured questions to classify the level of performance of examinees, the responseswere analysed to investigate the degree of consistency in the order of levels as predicted by SOLOTaxonomy. The results of approach (A)show that the response patterns were very consistent to manyrespects when the indicative items were selected after several years of observations. On the otherhand, results of approach (B) show that structured questions designed according to the descriptionof SOLO Taxonomy may be used to differentiate the abilities of examinees, yet are not sufficientto define the true ability of the examinees only through the responses found to a single question. Asa result，there are still some modifications that need to be made and attempts for furtherinvestigation need to be taken in future study.
• 中文關鍵字： indicative items; interpreting data; process skills; development
• 英文關鍵字： --