- 作者: 李美枝
- 作者服務機構: 國立政治大學心理學系
- 中文摘要: 從印象整飾理論(impression management theory)的觀點推測,當人們對預期的視聽者表明贊助某一重要而符合個人態度的立場,而他們的行為表現又顯然是在低自由選擇的情況下,則他們囿限(commit)於該立場的傾向將會加強。相反的,當人們對預期的視聽者表明贊助某一重要而違反個人態度的立場時,則在高自由選擇的情況下,他們囿限於該立場的傾向將會加強。這二種效果,在客體自我知覺(objective self-awareness)的狀態下,將比在主體自我知覺(subjective self-awareness)的狀態下應更為顯著。 七十二個州立佛羅里達大學的男女大學生分別在自由選擇或被指派的情況中,及在客體自我知覺或主體自我知覺的狀態下,作違反個人態度或符合個人態度的言論辯解,成為2x2x2的三因子實驗設計。客體與主體自我知覺藉面視鏡中的自我映像與不面對鏡子而引致“後經由自我表現的方式,測量他們對於該辯解課題的態度。結果發現,受試者在面對鏡面作符合個人態度的言論辯解的情況,及在作違反個人態度的言論辯解但不面對鏡面的情況中,決定是否作辯解言論的自由選擇程度對自我表現的影響型態,支持了自印象整飾理論所導出的預測。但是當受試者面對鏡面作違反個人態度之辯解言論時,他們並沒有如印象整飾理論所預測的,採用改變態度的方式,而傾向於選擇「收回原先言論」的方式,以維持他們的自我認定(self-identity),後者可視為另一種印象整飾的策略。
- 英文摘要: From impression management theory, it was predicted that when people espouse an important proattitudinal position to a prospective audience, they will demonstrate increased commitment to the position when their performance was done under conditions of low degree rather than high decision freedom. It was also predicted that when people espouse an important counterattitudinal position to a prospective audience, they will demonstrate increased commitment to the position when their performance was done under conditions of high rather than low freedom. Both effects were expected to be more pronounced when people are in a state of objective rather than subjective self-awareness. Seventy-two college students of State University of Florida wrote either pro or counter-attitudinal essays under conditions of high or low decision freedom. State of self-awareness was manipulated by having subjects either face (objective self-awareness) or not face (subjective self-awareness) a one-way mirror while participating in the study. The decision freedom predictions were supported in the proattitudinal essay plus mirror condition and the counterattitudinal essay plus no-mirror condition. Decision freedom had no effects on attitude change in the proattitudinal essay plus no-mirror condition or the counterattitudinal essay plus mirror condition. In the counterattitudinal essay plus mirror condition, subjects who felt most responsible for their counterattitudinal behaviors tried to 'take back' their behaviors, a response which can be viewed as an alternative impression management technique.
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