- 作者: 吳順昭; 汪淮; 王秀華
- 作者服務機構: 國立臺灣大學森林學研究所; 國立屏東農業專科學校
- 中文摘要:
三年生銀合歡疏伐材極適合於無污染性蘇打??半化學紙漿之製造。同一收率水準下,三小時蒸解後之紙漿卡巴值
甚至低於硫酸半化學紙漿。活性?10%,??添加0.05%,不同蒸解時間所得紙漿之收率與去木質素率之迴歸關係式
:收率(Y)=123.60-14.08 去木質素率(X),其如關係數R=0.98,變換??為25%硫化度則收率(Y)=106.87-
9.54 去木質素率(X),相關係數R=0.98,兩式之數據經共變數分析顯示兩種製程之收率差異不顯著。
測定各種游離度未漂紙漿手抄紙之物理性質,經共變分析得知,除蒸解時間0.5小時之紙漿外,蘇打??與硫酸
鹽半化學紙漿之強度性質受游離度影響之迴歸式,其斜率差異不顯著,且兩者經迴歸調整後之強度性質亦無顯著差異。
去木質素率(X)和游離度(Z)對強度性質作複迴歸分析得:
蘇打??半化學紙漿之裂斷長(方程式無法摘錄)
破裂比(方程式無法摘錄)
硫酸鹽半化學紙漿之裂斷長(方程式無法摘錄)
破裂比(方程式無法摘錄)
銀合歡之纖維細胞自其細胞壁之結構而言計有六種:(方程式無法摘錄)
(方程式無法摘錄)。若干類型自部份蒸解之切
片上更易明察。兩種製漿方法對細胞壁各壁層之木質素之層次化學反應(Topochemistry)有所不同,雖皆同時與細胞角
落處、中膠層和次生壁之木質素和碳水化合物作用,然移除木質素之速率不同:終其全程,蘇打??藥液對細胞角落處
和中膠層木質素之移除皆較次生壁者迅捷,尤以反應初期為然,以致蒸解終了,細胞角落和中膠層之木質濃度大為減
低,其與次生壁者之對比較小。硫酸鹽蒸解初始,藥液對次生壁木質素之作用較細胞角落及中膠層者激烈,蒸解30分鐘
至95分鐘之階段內,三者之去木質素率相若,然因細胞角落處及中膠層原含相當高濃度之木質素,且次生壁之厚度約為
複合中膠層之十倍有餘,因之,大面積之移除木質素,即使其速率與中膠層者相若亦意謂多量木質素之自次生壁降解溶
失,是故蒸解終了時次生壁僅殘餘少量木質素而中膠層處仍含頗高濃度之木質素。
不同蒸解階段下,木材各類細胞所呈現之物理化學性質上及形態學上之細微變化,經掃描式及穿透式電子顯微鏡深
入觀察,一一記錄,擇其具有代表性者加以陳述分析。
u - 英文摘要: Juvenile leueaena wood was proved to be very promising in the manufacturing of non-pollutionSoda-AQ semichemical pulps.With equivalent yield level, Soda-AQ pulp cooked for three hours presentedlower kappa number than its kraft control. The following equations were obtained when pulp yields (Y)were regressed on delignification percentages (X) for the two processes:(方程式無法摘錄)(方程式無法摘錄)and no significant difference was found between these two equations through analysis of covariance. Except pulps of 0.5-hour cooking, it was also shown by covariance analysis that there was no signifi-cant difference between the slopes when strength properties were regressed on pulp freeness. Multipleregression of the effect of freeness (Z) and delignificantion percentage (X) on breaking length (BL) andburst factor (BF) for the two cooking processes showed:(方程式無法摘錄)(方程式無法摘錄)(方程式無法摘錄)(方程式無法摘錄) Six different types of wall structures were deduced for Leucaena fiber. Some are more clearly illu-strated from partially cooked wood ehips than green wood sections. The most spectacular one is the mul-tilayer construction of gelationous fiber wall with alternative spacing of electron density. The topochemistry of delignification at various cell wall regions is obviously different between Soda-AQ and Kraft Process. The addition of AQ resulted in a faster removal of lignin at the cell corner andmiddle lamella regions than the addition of sulflde ions, especially in the initial pulping stage. However,lignin degradation in the secondary wall was much slower than the middle lamella region. Consequently,the secondary wall still contains quite an amount of lignin at the end of Soda-AQ cooking. Both the lumenside and intercellular region were found to be attacked in initial kraft cooking; kraft liquor was much moreselective in removing lignin from the lumen side secondary wall than Soda-AQ pulping. The progressive changes of various cell types, i.e. vessel, fiber and parenchyma cells in morphologicaland chemical properties through different cooking stages were observed and recorded by scanning andtransmitted electron microscopes.
- 中文關鍵字: Soda-AQ; kraft pulping; freeness; delignification percentage; SEM; TEM; pit membrane; wall structure
- 英文關鍵字: --