• 作者： 曾富生
• 作者服務機構： 國立中興大學糧食作物研究所
• 中文摘要： 使用大豆無限型及有限型各2個品種進行半互交所得之後裔，以佔計9種農藝性狀之遺傳介量及育種行為結果： 1.所有調查之9種性狀的廣義遺傳率，以無限型×有限型之雜交組合者較高為77～86％，而無限型×無限型及有限型×有限型之雜交組合則較低為60～69％。 2.就性狀間之相關而言，在無限型×無限型之組合：成熟期，主莖節數及產量以及其構成因素等性狀，均彼此呈正相關，開花期與成熟期呈正相關，但與其他性狀無顯著之相關關係；在有限型×有限型之組合：除主莖莢數呈獨立及開花期與所有性狀呈正相關外，其他性狀間之關係大致與無限型×無限型之組合類似；在無限型×有限型之組合則發現，開花期、成熟期及主莖節數等三性狀彼此間無顯著之相關關係，而產量構戊因素間之關係則與上述二種組合類似。 3.除成熟期及在同型品種內雜交組合之開花期、株高、產量等性狀之F1與其親本平均值無顯著差異外，所有的雜交組合及性狀之F1值均大於其兩親之平均值。但只有在無限型×有限型之雜交組合的主莖莢數、粒數及產量有純雜種優勢。無限型×有限型組合之開花期、株高、主莖節數以及同型品種內雜交組合之主莖節數、一株莢數、粒數等性狀有自交弱勢現象，其他則無自交弱勢發生。 4.開花期、主莖節數、主莖莢數、一株莢數、粒數及產量等性狀，在所有的組合均發現有非對立遺傳因子間之交感作用存在，其程度以無限型×有限型之組合較高。 5.F2集團超越分離之個體，在無限型×有限型之雜交組合中除分枝數外，其他所有的性狀之超越個體至F4系統時雖有急速減少傾向，但仍有超越分離之系統存在。但在同型品種內之雜交組合則除株高、主莖節數、主莖莢數有超越分離之系統存在外，其他性狀在F4系統時均已消失。
• 英文摘要： Progenies from a diallel cross of foursoybean cultivars, including two indeterminateand two determinate types, were studied toestimate genetic parameters and to assess thebreeding behaviors. 1. The values of heritability in F2 popula-tions of the crosses between different type vari-eties were higher than those within the sametype varieties in all agronomic traits studied.The value showed a range from 76% to 89%for the former crosses and 60% to 75% for thelatter ones. 2. In the crosses within indeterminate typevarieties the phenotypic correlations among daysto maturity, node number and pod number onmain stem, pod number/plant, seed number andseed yield were positively correlated with eachother. The days to flowering was correlatedwith days to maturity, but not with any of theother traits. Th0 correlation patterns in the crosswithin determinate type varieties were similarto those within indeterminate type varietiesexcept that the pod number on main stem wasnot correlated with all other traits, and the daysto flowering was positively correlated with allother traits. By contrast, the crosses betweenindeterminate and determinate varieties did notshow significant correlations among days toflowering, node number on main stem and daysto maturity; however, all yield components werepositively correlated with each other which wassimilar to the crosses within the same typevarieties. 3. Most of the traits in F1 was higher invalues for cross hybrids than in the midparents.No heterosis was shown for days to flowering,plant height, and seed yield in crosses withinthe same type varieties and for days to maturityin all crosses. True heterosis (heterobeltiosis)were observed in pod number on main stem,seed number, and seed yield in crosses betweendifferent type varieties. Inbreeding depression inF2 was found with node number on main stem,pod number/plant and seed number in crosseswithin the same type varieties, and for days toflowering, plant height and node number onmain stem in crosses between indeterminate anddeterminate type varieties. 4. Non-allelic interactions were obtainedwith days to flowering, node number and podnumber on main stem, pod number/plant, seednumber and seed yield in all crosses. The extentto which the interaction exerted in crossesbetween different type varieties was higher thanthose within the same type varieties. 5. Transgressive F2 segregation of all traitsexcept the number of branches studied werecarried on in the F3 and F4 generations incrosses between different type varieties. And inthose crosses within the same type varieties, thetransgressive segregates which were carried inF3 and F4 were plant height, node number andpod number on main stem. It was found thatthe segregates lost their superiority largely inthe F4 generation.
• 中文關鍵字： --
• 英文關鍵字： --