• 作者： 黃世錚; 襲充文
• 作者服務機構： 國立中正大學心理系暨認知科學研究中心
• 中文摘要： 建構三度空間的心像模型是解答許多與空間相關問題的必要條件。在本研究中所進行的三個實驗中，我們檢驗資優與一般高中生所建構的立體心像模型是否有差異。實驗一中受試者首先看見兩張直角投射平面圖然後判斷第三張平面圖是否與先前兩張屬於同一立體物。結果顯示受試者對於解答具高複雜度之物體的作業有較多的困難。然而在沒有明確的指示下，資優生與一般生均無以建構策略解答相容作業的證據。實驗二中便明確要求受試者依呈現之平面投射圖建構所對應之立體模型。結果顯示資優生較一般生所需建構時問為短，並且男生較女生所需時間為短。實驗三考驗在建構歷程中進行心像旋轉的可能性。結果發現在花費約略相同的時間進行建構作業的情況下，資優生較一般生更能正確選出對應平面圖的立體圖型。同時，男生也比女生表現出較高的正確率。這些結果反映出，在明確的指示下，資優生較一般生表現出較佳的建構立體心像的能力。性別差異與資優之關係亦於文中加以討論。
• 英文摘要： Construction of three-dimensional mental models is often required for solving many spatiallyrelated problems. In three experiments, we examined whether differences existed in the 3-D mentalmodels constructed by gifted and nongifted high-schoolers. In Experiment 1, subjects were presentedwith 2-D orthographic projections of a 3-D object and were asked to judge whether or not the projectedviews were compatible with one another The results indicated that the subjects experience more difficultyin construction when dealing with objects of higher complexity. However, without explicit instructions,neither gifted nor nongifted high school students seemed to engage in constructing 3-D mental modelswhile solving the compatibility task. In Experiment 2, subjects were explicitly told to construct 3-Dmental models while viewing 2-D orthographic projections. The results showed that gifted students spentless time on construction than the nongifted students did, and that male students spent less time thantheir females counterparts. Experiment 3 examined the possibility to mentally rotate a 3-D model duringconstruction. Gifted students performed more accurately than nongifted students in identifying 3-Dobjects. Similar differences were also found between male and female students. These results suggestthat gifted students are more efficient at constructing 3-D mental models than nongifted students, whenthey are asked to do so. The relationship between gender difference and giftedness is also discussed.
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