• 作者： 曾浩洋; 邱秀英
• 作者服務機構： 國立中興大學食品科學系
• 中文摘要： 黃豆油精製過程所得脫臭蒸餾物（Deodorizer distillate）富含維生素E，游離脂肪酸及固醇。此等脫臭蒸餾物可先予甲基化處理，再經分子蒸餾除去甲基化脂防酸酯，以製備濃縮維生素E油。本研究對脫臭蒸餾物之組成分，包括總維生素E及各型生育醇含量加以測定，並探討脫臭蒸餾物之甲基化與分子蒸餾使用條件，對維生素E之濃縮及組成之影響，希望找到合適之反應條件。 實驗結果發現脫臭蒸餾物原料含大部分為游離脂肪酸，約佔43～45%，三甘油脂佔21～23%，固醇類佔20～21%；而維生素E含量則在10～12%之間，主要為β+γ 型生育醇，約佔總生育醇之58～60%，δ型生育醇則佔總生育醇之31～32%，α型生育醇最少，約為總生育醇之7.5%左右。此外，脫臭蒸餾物之總脂肪酸組成與黃豆油之總脂肪酸組成相同，含高量之亞麻仁油酸（Linoleic acid），約50%；油酸（Oleic acid），約22%及軟脂酸（Palmitic acid），約16%；此點與黃豆油脫臭過程中回收脫臭蒸餾物時使用黃豆油有關。於不同條件下經甲基化及分子蒸餾處理，可得維生素E含量高達40～47%之濃縮維生素E；其中以β+γ型生育醇（約佔60%）及δ型生育醇（約33%）為主。雖然，本研究室目前已可製備出維生素E含量高達47%之濃縮維生素E，且其抗氧化性頗佳，可當做天然抗氧化劑使用；然而，如何改進方法以增加此種成品之純度及其安全性，如甲基酯殘留及可能含有之農藥殘量之去除，則需進一步探討。目前本研究室正繼續進行這方面的研究之中。
• 英文摘要： The deodorizer distillate from soy-bean oil deodorization contains highquantities of tocopherols, sterols and freefatty acids. The tocopherol concentratecan be prepared from the methylateddeodorizer distillate by molecular distil-lation method. In this research, theconstituents including total and α,β+γ,δ-tocopherols of the deodorizer distil-lates obtained from several soybean oilplants in Taiwan were investigated. Inaddition, the optimal conditions forvitamin E concentrate preparation, suchas methylation (esterfication) and mole-cular distillation were also investiga-ted. Results showed that the majorcomponents of deodorizer distillate werefree fatty acids (43-45%), triglycerides(21-23%) and sterols (21-22%). Thecontent of total tocopherols is 10-12%and of which, the major tocopherolswere β+γ-tocopherol (58-60%) and δ-tocopherol (31-32%). Analysis with gas liquid chromato-graphy showed that the fatty acidscomposition of the deodorizer distillatewas similar to that of the soybean oil.They are both rich in linoleic acid(about 50%), oleic acid (22%) andpalmitic acid (。6%). The resemblancemay be due to the employing of soybeanoil in recovering the deodorizer distillateduring the refining process. After the treatments vith methy-lation and molecular distillation, vitaminE concentrates with tocopherol contentof 40-47% were obtained. Among these,the β+γ and γ-tocopherol were themajor constituents. All these prepara-tions showed good antioxidant activi-ties. In conclusion, although we haveprepared vitamin E concentrate withhigh percentage tocopherol content sofar, it is also essential for us to furtherimprove the purity of the vitamin Econcentrate preparation, such as toremove completely the methyl esters offatty acids or the possible pesticideresidues. All these studies were nowundertaken in our laboratory.
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