• 作者： 朱瑞玲
• 作者服務機構： 中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所; 國立台灣大學心理學系
• 中文摘要： 本研究假設：個人對面子的需求是從社會中逐漸學習而來。因為社會的強調，「面子」一詞可以成為一個人社會行為的評斷標準，所以是面子文化中普遍而常用的概念，文化的差異會反映在對不同面子事件的重視程度。此外，面子需求會影響個人對情境中面子威脅性的知覺以及事後採取的因應行為。本研究有三個目的：（1）廣泛地收集中國人的面子經驗，過濾出重要的面子需求與面子整飾行為的向度；（2）探討中國社會中，「丟臉」與「沒面子」兩項面子現象的差異特性；（3）瞭解面子需求如何影響個人知覺到的情境面子威脅與事後整飾反應。經由三項實徵研究，發現有四種重要面子事件，分別是能力失敗，品德問題，行為失誤（或尊嚴受損），及性道德事件；因素分析結果亦抽出四種事先避免面子行為與七種事後挽回面子的行為。而「臉」、「面」二詞在概念上要比經驗上容易辨別，丟臉的嚴重性較沒面子為高。面子需求與社會取向成就動機雖不影響個人成就評估或期望，但直接關係到對成敗經驗後的因應措施。
• 英文摘要： Using a conceptual analytical model of face operation to collect empirical data on Chinese'face' knowledge,which includes categories of face-threatening events, face-avoiding behavior beforehand, face-saving behaviorafterwards, and emotional reactions to face-losing situations. There are four relatively orthogonal factors inface-threat events: ability or social status, ethic or general morality, propriety of behavior or dignity, and sexualmorality. Among college students, there are distinctly four and seven types of face-work beforehand and after-wards, respectively. In an experimental situation, college students with either higher face need or higher social-oriented achievement motives sensed more face-threatening during an ability test situation, and attributed theirperformance more to external-unstable reasons (luck or difficulty of task). The effects of these two social-orient-ed motives on self-evaluation of performance and expectation were not found. Findings confirm the causal rela-tionship between the threat to face and coping behavior.
• 中文關鍵字： 面子; 面子行為; 面子威脅; 社會取向
• 英文關鍵字： --