- 作者: 張珣
- 作者服務機構: 中央研究院民族學研究所
- 中文摘要: Modern medicine is supremely technocratic and bureaucratic. As more and more critiques point out, the medical bureaucracy is self-addicting. It transforms pain, illness, and death from a personal challenge into a technical problem. Thereby it expropriates people's potentiality to deal with their condition in an autonomous way. In addition, it relies too much on technical machine and equipment rather than on doctor's ability and experience. Together with the monopoly from state bureaucracy and capitalism, the medical bureaucracy has become a field of power competition. To women in particular, this process has had far-reaching consequences. Feminist health writers have emphasized that women have been the victimized targets in the expansion of medicine. They have described folk woman healers' traditional skills were expropriated by modern medical experts, how women were trained to accept modern medical profession as the only authority for caring for the sick, and how women were taught to see their own bodies from a modern medical point of view. In order to avoid the deviation of women's health and body, feminist writers have promoted ways for reclaiming of knowledge about and control over women's health and bodies. This article following the same direction, provides a case study from a Taiwanese folk woman healer and her seven clients, and shows the positive social function of folk woman healer in the contemporary period. From the alternative medicine, the folk woman healer's way of dealing with her patients, we can learn how to avoid a male-controlled, technology-dominated medical system.
- 英文摘要: 科學醫學不斷地專業化及科技化以後,日漸有反省聲音出現。把原屬個人的病痛、死亡轉變成科技問題。不斷發展醫技,過度依賴醫技儀器,而剝奪醫生個人的判斷及經驗,剝奪病人自救的能力,忽略病痛帶給人類的生存意義和社會意義。醫療專業化伴隨國家體制,資本主義市場更使人體及醫療成為消費與權力的競技場。此情形尤見於婦女身體與婦女醫療方面:在觀念層面、在制度層面,在醫病關係層面等,均可見婦女健康及身體被過度醫療化。相對於科學醫療出現的弊端,臺灣本土民俗醫療卻提供婦女一套另類的醫療模式,它在很多方面是表現的更具彈性,更合人性。它考慮身、心、靈平衡,注意女病人情緒及社會角色等。本文即以基隆市一位民俗女療者實例來說明民俗療法在今日更能發揮功能。經由對女療者與七位病人的實際個案分析,我們可以反省本土療法在現代的意義。
- 中文關鍵字: gender, medicine, folk medicine, folk women healer, medicalization
- 英文關鍵字: 婦女,醫療,本土醫療,本土女療者,醫療化