• 作者： --
• 中文摘要： The City of Seattle, located in the Pacific Northwest section of the United States, has a unique combination of physical and regulatory attributes that pose a significant challenge to stormwater managers. In response to this challenge, Seattle Public Utilities is pursuing a natural systems approach to stormwater management. This paper describes: 1. The overall goals of the approach to stormwater management being pursued by Seattle, 2. The major constraints that the natural features of Seattle, historical choices, the regulatory systems, and political factors impose on any solutions, and 3. Elements of the program with areas of ongoing success and areas of difficulty in creating integrated and more natural solutions in an urban area with many constraints. Seattle!|s drainage infrastructure is comprised of three configurations; a combined wastewater and stormwater system, a separated storm drain and sanitary sewer system, and an informal ditch and culvert system that feeds into creeks scattered throughout the city. Each system serves roughly one third of the city and each necessitates a different approach to handling stormwater. To add to this complexity, there are several receiving water types within Seattle including the Pacific Ocean (Puget Sound), a major river (the Duwamish River), numerous creeks, three small lakes, and one large lake (Lake Washington). The needs and beneficial uses of these varied receiving water body types must be incorporated into any water quality protection plan. Seattle!|s great challenges and best opportunities lie in creating an integrated and environmentally responsive stormwater management system that builds on historical and enhanced natural drainage systems where possible, and integrates these processes with more conventional urban stormwater approaches. The recent listing of Chinook salmon as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) has expanded both the challenges and opportunities. Seattle is among the first highly developed metropolitan areas that will be required to meet all the regulatory requirements as a result of the ESA listing. All receiving waters that are potential Chinook rearing grounds will be viewed from a perspective of whether the water quality and habitat are sufficient to support the species. This is obviously a much tougher standard than historical regulation would have required. This paper describes an evolutionary approach that Seattle Public Utilities, who is charged with stormwater responsibility for the City of Seattle, is undertaking to create an integrated and environmentally responsive stormwater management program that is compliant with the requirements of the Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act.
• 英文摘要： 位於美國西北太平洋岸的西雅圖市，由於獨特的天然條件及環保法令規章之需求，在暴雨管理工作上面臨相當大的挑戰。為應付這個挑戰西雅圖市政府公共事業處以追求自然系統方式來作暴雨管理。本文內容大致如下：1. 西雅圖市進行暴雨管理策略之主要目標；2. 任何解決辦法所需要考慮西雅圖在自然地形、水域等以及人文、歷史、法令規章和政治等因素的各種限至；3. 在城市中有許多限制情況下，推動整體性而較”自然性”暴雨管理策略所遭遇到成功及困難的案例。
• 中文關鍵字： 城市暴雨管理、自然系統、生態系統保護、民眾參與$@$
• 英文關鍵字： --