- 作者: 毛漢光
- 作者服務機構: 國立中正大學歷史研究所
- 中文摘要: 本文從3500餘片唐代墓誌銘之中,獲得兩代間(父子間)官品關係6,222個實例,統計說明於下:一、子高:同級:子低=20:50:30。 有下降變動趨勢。父子官品同級占二分之一,說明唐代仍保持濃厚的階級社會。二、在高品層之中,父子同級者32.1%,降品者67.9%。 在中品層之中,子上升者5.8%,降品者58.8%,同級者35%%。 在低品層之中,子上升者19.8%,降品者10.4%,同級者69.8%。 大部份官吏子孫下降,且漸漸沈澱在官僚體系的低層。三、士族官吏比小姓官吏下降幅度較小,社會階層影響子孫官宦下降變動之比例約20%。
- 英文摘要: From more than 3,500 T'ang epitaphs, we collected 6,222 examples of hierarchical relation-ships between a father and a son. From the examples, the following data was collected:First of all, there were three patterns of relationships: 1) a father's rank being lower than ason's; 2) a father's rank being the same as a son's: and 3) a father's rank being higher than ason's. The ratio among the three patterns was 2:5:3. There was a trend of downward mobility. The second pattern was in the superior position, so we note that in T'ang times it was typicalof aristocracy. Second, among high-level officials, a father and his son maintaining the samelevel occupied 32.1%; a counterpart falling from this level occupied 67.9%. Among middle-level officials, the succession of a son to a position at a higher level occupied 5.8%; the demo-tion of a son to a position at a lower level occupied 58.8%; the rate of maintaining the samelevel was 35%. Among low-level officials, the succession of a son to a position at a higherlevel occupied 19.8%; the demotion of a son to a position at a lower level occupied 10.4%;the rate of maintaining the same level was 69.8%. In the majority of all officials,descendantstended to decline in their political careers, and their ranks remained at the bottom of the bu-reaucracy. Third, on the scope of downward mobility, that of officials from the aristocracywas lower than that of officials from the third class (between aristocrats and commoners). Onthe influence of social stratum on the political careers of an official's descendants, the rate ofdownward mobility was 20%.
- 中文關鍵字: 唐代; 統治階層; 下降變動; 墓誌銘; 官僚體系; 社會階層
- 英文關鍵字: --