• 作者： 張維安
• 作者服務機構： 國立清華大學社會人類學研究所
• 中文摘要： 在關於兩性研究的著作中，很容易找到足夠的證據來說明女性不被這個（男性的）世界所重視。然而，本文論點並不在於列舉這些男女兩性之間的差異，或男、女行動者之問的直接關係。而是透過社會中所習以為常的公與私的概念，來解說以性別做為生活領域的劃分基礎本身，即是男、女兩性差異乃至於不平等的重要源頭。全文除前言外，共分四部份。一、首先陳述本文分析兩性不平等的概念，在此我們發現男、女所擁有的「權力」與公∕私、內∕外的生活領域有顯著的關係。二、然後解析女性所處的生活領域，雖然女性的角色對這個社會也很重要，但是因為女性所處的生活領域，在社會中的地位只像是一幅畫中的背景，對整幅畫而言雖然重要，但卻常被人們所忽略。由於做為背景的私領域其地位較低，因而相對的屬於這個領域的女性的地位也較低。三、以父權體制與公領域在歷史發展的親近性，來說明公領域的優勢的發展。從體系上來看是公領域對私領域之殖民化，但從行動者的立場來看，則正好是男性對女性的殖民化現象。從這個角度來看，本文認為女性地位的低落，可以視為女性生活領域被加以私領域化的結果。四、最後在結語部份則嘗試說明女性以進入公領域，提高地位的可能性與限制性。
• 英文摘要： The published literature provides ample evidence documenting the subordinate status ofwomen in society. The purpose of this paper is not to review the many instances of genderinequality at the actor level. Rather, I focus on how gender inequality originates in a divisionof social life into a “public”sphere and a "private”sphere. I do so in four sections. First, an analytical framework is suggested, and the significanceof the relationship between gender inequality and life spheres is described. Second, the status ofthe private sphere (e.g. the female sphere) is analyzed. I argue that the private sphere is veryimportant for society, but only in serving as a background, perhaps even an invisible back-ground. Female status is similar to the private sphere in that it is also an invisible backgroundof society. Third, I explain the superiority of status in the public sphere. Patriarchy, state, andthe public sphere have an historical affinity. In the historical process, the public sphere colonizedthe private sphere. At the actor level, females were dominated by males. I thus suggest thatfrom a structural perspective, the origins of the subordination of females to males is caused bythe subordination of the private sphere to the public sphere. Lastly, I discuss the implicationsof female entry into the public sphere in terms of the potential for, and limitations upon,gender equality.
• 中文關鍵字： 父權體制; 生活領域; 性別不平等; 兩性與社會
• 英文關鍵字： --