• 作者： 林淑蓉
• 作者服務機構： 國立清華大學人類學研究所
• 中文摘要： 本文探討臺灣人的命運觀如何形塑疾病的概念並進而影響治療的方式。首先，我認為臺灣人的命運觀蘊含著一個文化所認可的「人的概念」與「人觀」。本人在宜蘭光莘村所搜集的田野調查資料可用來說明臺灣人的命運觀中所隱含的人觀之三個範疇：生物人、社會人與宇宙人。其次，我討論臺灣人的命運觀如何呈現於日常生活中與疾病、醫療相關的用語中，以及如何影響醫療行為與疾病治療。最後，我認為臺灣人的命運觀，這種相信自然或宇宙具有一股不可見的、不可知的、強加於人的力量，正好與中國社會所實踐的區分社會及政治階序的意識形態相結合。從中國之歷史時期以至當代臺灣，算命一直是診斷個人之生理與社會疾病的主要方法之一。中國歷史上也常使用算命或卜卦來預測測一個國家之社會秩序與政治穩定狀況。我認為當代臺灣人這種將命運與疾病相結合的概念與日常實踐正是承自於傳統中國文化所建構的人觀中所隱含的霸權意識。
• 英文摘要： This paper examines how the concept of fate relates to Taiwanese illness notion and consequently health prac-tices. First, I suggest that Taiwanese concept of fate contains a culturally embedded conception of the person and per-sonhood. Using field data from I-Ian, northeastern Taiwan, I show that Taiwanese concept of fate reveals the three do-mains of personhood: the physical person, the social person and the cosmological person. Furthermore, I discuss howthe concept of fate contained in the daily vocabularies about illness affects Taiwanese illness behavior and health prac-tices. Finally, I conclude that the concept of fate as an imposed natural order on a human person has been created as anideology for the practices of social and political hierarchy. From historical China to the contemporary Chinese setting,such as Taiwan, fate consultation has been a vital method to diagnose a person's physical and social illnesses as well asto foretell the socio-political disorders of the state. Linking the concept of fate to illness is part of this hegemonic ideo-logy in the cultural construction of personhood in Taiwan.
• 中文關鍵字： 命運; 疾病; 醫療; 人觀
• 英文關鍵字： fate; illness notion; health practice; personhood