• 作者： Weng, Hung-Shan; Wang, Der-Her
• 中文摘要： 在液-液兩相相間轉移催化系統中,若水溶液與有機溶液對觸媒之溶解度很小,則有可能出現第三液相。第三液相之出現,不僅可促進反應速率,也可大幅簡化重複使用觸媒之步驟。因此,三液相相間轉移催化在工業上頗具吸引力。在本文中,首先列出幾個形成第三液相之條件,並以有機溶劑/溴化四丁基銨/溴化鈉水溶液,有機溶劑/四級銨鹽/酚鈉與氫氧化鈉水溶液以及含溴化正辛烷之甲苯溶液/溴化四丁基銨/溴化鈉與氫氧化鈉水溶液等三個系統為例作說用。其次,以此前已發表之研究成果為例闡釋第三液相所扮演之角色。接著對於三液相相間轉移催化之反應機構與動力模式作扼要討論。最後對藉重複使用第三液相以重複利用相間轉移觸媒提出建議。
• 英文摘要： In a liquid-liquid phase transfer catalysis system, a third liquid phase may appear if the catalyst has limited solubilities in both organic and aqueous solutions. The appearance of a third liquid phase not only benefits the reaction rate but also offers simplified catalyst reuse procedure. Hence the tri-liquid-phase catalysis is highly attractive for commercial operations. In this article, the conditions for forming a third liquid phase were briefly explained. The systems of organic solvent-tertrabutyl- ammonium bromide (Bu/sub 4/NBr)/aqueous NaBr, organic solvent/quaternary onium salt/ aqueous sodium phenolate+NaOH and n-heptyl bromide in toluene/Bu/sub 4/NBr/aqueous NaBr+ NaOH were taken as examples. Then, the roles of a third liquid phase were illustrated by some previous works. The reaction mechanisms and kinetic models for the tri-liquid- phase catalysis systems were subsequently discussed. Finally, methods for reusing the catalyst via the reuse of the third liquid phases were proposed.
• 中文關鍵字： 相轉移催化; 三液相催化; 有機溶液; 水溶液; 第三液相
• 英文關鍵字： Phase Transfer Catalysis; Tri-Liquid-Phase Catalysis; Organic Solution; Aqueous Solution; Third Liquid Phase