- 作者: Hung-Tsung Hsiao, Yuan-Yuarn Liu, Jeffrey Chi-Fei Wang, Ya-Chi Lin and Yen-Chin Liu
- 作者服務機構: 1. Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan 2. Hung-Tsung Hsiao and Yuan-Yuarn Liu contributed equally to this work. 3. Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- 中文摘要:
- 英文摘要:
Background
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is related to microcirculation impairment caused by tissue hypoxia and peripheral cytokine overproduction in the affected human limb and chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) is considered as an animal model for this intractable disease. Previous studies suggest that the pathogenesis of CPIP involves the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and an exaggerated regional inflammatory and free radical response. The inhibition of HIF-1α is known to relieve CPIP. So, propofol, as a free radical scavenger, is very likely to be beneficial in terms of relieving CPIP.
Methods
We set up a CPIP model using the hindpaw of mice. We administered propofol (10 mg/kg) just after the reperfusion period (early stage) and also on the second day (late stage), as treatment. The analysis evaluated the expression of HIF-1α, free radicals, and inflammasome.
Results
Propofol administration produced obvious analgesia in both mechanical and thermal evaluation in the early stage of CPIP (2 h after reperfusion). Only a mild analgesic effect was found in the late stage (48 h later after reperfusion). In the early stage, the expression of HIF-1α and the inflammasome marker (NALP1) along with caspase-1 were suppressed by propofol. The free radical level also decreased in the propofol group. But those molecular changes were not founded in the late stage of CPIP.
Conclusion
Our data demonstrated that propofol produces mice analgesia in the early stage of CPIP and this effect is associated with inhibition of free radical, hypoxia inducible factor and inflammasome. - 中文關鍵字:
- 英文關鍵字: Smart materials, Bioprinting, Cell therapy, Tissue engineering, Precision medicine