• 作者： 曾富生; 黃明舉
• 作者服務機構： 國立中興大學糧食作物研究所
• 中文摘要： 兩型之粒重、粒數、乾重遺傳率一般偏低，株高、主莖節數、分枝長、百粒重則較高。蛋白質遺傳率，呈有限大於無限型，油分則相反。各性狀之遺傳率一般呈春大於夏大於秋作。有限型大部分性狀之遺傳率依密度增加而遞減，無限型呈不規則反應。大部分性狀在密植時其遺傳率均偏低（＜0）。而主莖及分枝莢數、分枝節數之遺傳率呈無限大於有限型。春作中兩型之產量與主莖、分枝莢數、乾重、分枝節數，開花期呈顯著正相關，與粒數、主莖葉長呈負相關，夏作中各性間之正相關小於春、秋二作。產量與株高在春作之無限型呈正相關，有限型則相反，夏作亦同。夏作產量與主莖莢數及開花期在有限型呈高正相關且大於無限型，秋作亦同。除夏作無限型外、兩型之蛋白質與油分均呈負相關，有限型則在夏、秋二作呈高負相關且大於無限型，春作則呈無限大於有限型之關係。同時發現密值下，其負相關兩型均有遞減之趨勢。春作中，無限型之蛋白質與開花期、乾重及莢數呈高正相關，反之有限型大部分性狀與蛋白質呈負相關，夏作亦同。秋作之蛋白質與其他性狀相關則不顯著，同時油分與成熟期，葉長等性狀呈正相關且呈有限大於無限型及夏作大於春作之傾向。秋作則小於春、夏二作。 有限型之產量構成因素與產量之間C. V.值在春、秋二作呈負相關，春作尤呈極顯著性，夏作則呈極顯著正相關，實測值均呈正相關。無限型之產量與構成因素之間C.V.值相關對季節反應，與有限型相反，兩型對密度反應與對季節反應相同，惟各性狀間之間C.V.值相關對密度之反應，因品種及性狀不同而有增、減之差異。 利用主成分分析法(principal component analysis)，發現在各季節中，有限型之乾重與產量關係密切，分枝莢數次之，株型性狀以分枝柄長及葉長對產量之獨立供獻較為重要。無限型則以乾重、主莖及分枝葉長對產量效應最大，可當作產量選拔之準則。在不同栽培密度下，有限型以分枝數；分枝莢數、主莖及分枝柄長對產量較為重要，而且對密度反應安定性大，五公分密植則以乾重與產量關係最大；無限型之乾重與產量之關係密切且對密度反應安定性大。
• 英文摘要： Six determinate and four indeterminatevarieties of soybeans were grown in threecrop seasons, spring, summer, and fall withfour planting densities to study the behaviorof several agronomic traits. In general, the heritabilities(h) of seedyield, seed number and dry weight were lowin all varieties of either type. However,plant height, node number of main stem,branch length, and 100 seed weight had highheritability. The h of protein content showeddeterminate>indeterminate type and was inde-terminate>determinate in oil content. Inothercharacters, the value showed spring summerfall. Me h of most charcters in the deter-minate type decreased as planting densityincreased, but was not in the indeterminatetype. Most characters of all varieties show-ed a low h at high planting density. The podnumber of main stem and branch, node num-ber of branch in indeterminate type had ahigher value than the determinate type. The genotypic correlations between yieldand pod number of main stem, pod rnunber onbranch, dry weight, node number of mainstem, days to first flowering were positive,and were negative between yield and seednumber, leaflet length of main stem. Thecorrelation coefficients between most twocharacters generally showed summer springor fall. The plant height of indeterminatetype was positively correlated with grainyield in spring and summer crop-seasons,but was not in the determinate type. Thecorrelation between yield and pod number onmain stem or days to first flowering of thedeterminate type positivelysignificant andhigher than the indeterminate type in summerand fall crop-seasons. A negative correlationwas found between protein and oil content inall varieties of both types, except the inde-terminate varieties grew in summer crop sea-son. The protein content of the determinatetype was significantly and negatively corre-lated with oil content in summer and fallseasons, but was not in indeterminate type.In spring, the negative coefficient betweenprotein and oil was found greater in indeter-minate than determinate type. The correlationbetween protein content and either days tofirst flowering, dry weight, or pod numberwas positive. Negative correlations were foundbetween protein and most charcters of thedeterminate type in both summer and springcrop seasons, but there was no correlationin fall crop-season. The oil content waspositively correlated with days to maturityand leaflet length. The correlation coefficientshowed determinate＞indeterminate type andsummer＞spring>＞fall crop-seasons. The genotypic correlation of c.v. value(between individuals) between seed yieldand yield components of determinate typewere negative in spring and fall seasons, butwere highly positive in summer. The observedvalues (means) in genotypic correlations a-mong yield and yield components were mostlypositive. The genotypic correlations of c.v.values of indeterminate type in crop-seaonsdiffered with that of the determinate type.Planting densities also showed the same re-sponses. The genotypic correlations of c.v.values of charcters fluctuated with plantingdensity and variety. According to principal component analysisshowed that seed yield might depend on aninterrelation of dry weight, pod number onbranch, petiole and leaflet length on branchin determinate type. Charcters of dry weight,pod number on main stem, leaflet length onmain stem and branch of the indeterminatetype showed a very marked influence on seedyield in different crop-seasons. Under dif-ferent planting densities, the branch number,pod number on branch, petiole length on mainstem and branch of determinate type were im-portant for higher seed yield, and these char-cters also were stable at planting densities.Pod number on main stem and dry weight inindeterminate type were the most importantcharcters to produce high seed yield.
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