- 作者: Ioannis P. Trougakos, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Evangelos Terpos, Ourania E. Tsitsilonis, Evmorfia Aivalioti, Dimitrios Paraskevis, Efstathios Kastritis, George N. Pavlakis and Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- 作者服務機構: 1. Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece 2. Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece 3. Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece 4. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece 5. Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- 中文摘要:
- 英文摘要:
Background
Gaining further insights into SARS-CoV-2 routes of infection and the underlying pathobiology of COVID-19 will support the design of rational treatments targeting the life cycle of the virus and/or the adverse effects (e.g., multi-organ collapse) that are triggered by COVID-19-mediated adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or other pathologies.
Main body
COVID-19 is a two-phase disease being marked by (phase 1) increased virus transmission and infection rates due to the wide expression of the main infection-related ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CTSB/L human genes in tissues of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, as well as by (phase 2) host- and probably sex- and/or age-specific uncontrolled inflammatory immune responses which drive hyper-cytokinemia, aggressive inflammation and (due to broad organotropism of SARS-CoV-2) collateral tissue damage and systemic failure likely because of imbalanced ACE/ANGII/AT1R and ACE2/ANG(1–7)/MASR axes signaling.
Conclusion
Here we discuss SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and a number of approaches aiming to suppress viral infection rates or propagation; increase virus antigen presentation in order to activate a robust and durable adaptive immune response from the host, and/or mitigate the ARDS-related “cytokine storm” and collateral tissue damage that triggers the severe life-threatening complications of COVID-19. - 中文關鍵字:
- 英文關鍵字: ACE2, ARDS, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, TMPRSS2