• 作者： 何偉雲
• 作者服務機構： 國立屏東師範學院物理暨地球科學學系
• 中文摘要： 發散性思考作為創造力的核心理論，依據該理論編制的各式評量工具已經被廣泛用於創造力相關研究。本研究探討發散性思考在不同測驗領域的同質性問題，運用視覺化分析技術，比較發散性思考在Williams 創造性思考測驗、發現問題能力測驗及解題想法提出能力測驗中的同質性。研究結果說明，繪圖式的Williams創造性思考測驗無法反映創造力測驗之領域相關性，測驗方式或內容的不同也可能影響創造力的評量結果。Guilford 型式的創造力測驗之結果解釋，或許必須侷限於其測驗內容與方式，否則可能導致對測驗結果之過度解釋，甚至形成誤判。
• 英文摘要： A two step diagnostic instrument, which includes a two-tier paper pencil test and post-test interviews, have been developed to explore Taiwanese Grades 4-12 students' alternative conceptions in learning the particle theory of matter. This instrument includes 15 concepts (table 2), 33 items (Appendix one), and has been divided into four factors (groups). Each item of the written test consists of a content question having four choices, followed by a space for the pupil to complete the reason why the particular choice was selected. The instrument was administered to 2467 pupils from grades 4-12 in the city of Kaohsiung. After the written test, 128 students of the participants, across the ability range in math and physics with the ratio 1:2:1, were interviewed individually and in depth two months later. Four pairs and 16 sets of combinations(2/sup 4/ = 16) of characteristic categories of particle theory of matter (Table 1) have been used to code, classify and sequence the quantitative data collected from the written test and post test interviews. The methodological meaning of this new coding method has been discussed. Evidence in support of the validity of the instrument constructs was obtained through a validation study, which indicates that this instrument has a satisfactory content, factor, construct and criteria-related validity for the purpose of this study. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient (r= 0.80 in average) and test-retest reliability coefficient (r = 0.75 in average) suggested that this instrument has acceptable internal consistency.
• 中文關鍵字： 發散性思考、問題解決、問題提出、想法提出
• 英文關鍵字： Divergent Thinking; Problem Solving; Problem Finding; Idea Finding