第8卷‧第5期,
198005
, pp. 428-434
臺灣地區的酸雨
- 作者:
孫岩章; 吳瑞鈺
- 作者服務機構:
國立臺灣大學植物病蟲害學研究所
- 中文摘要:
1979年5月及6月間發現臺灣北部地區雨水的平均酸鹼度為pH 4.4~4.8,同期間在嘉義與高雄採集5次雨水,亦測得相近之酸鹼度。隨後在夏季(六至十月)期間,收集臺灣北部地區的雨水,測得其酸鹼度為pH 3.9~5.3,平均為4.2。同期間自屏東南州鄉採得3次雨水,平均亦為pH 4.2。由此證明臺灣目前已處於酸雨(Acid Rain)的威脅之下。此與歐洲大部份地區、美國東北部及加拿大東南部的情況相同。分析上述雨水中無機酸成份的結果,發現臺灣五、六月雨水約含有4 ppm的SO24-,0.7 ppm的NO3-及檢定不出的C1-,但桃園沿海地區之雨水則另含有12,4 ppm的C1-。臺灣的夏季雨發現含有10 ppm的SO24-,2 ppm的NO3-,亦檢查不出C1-的存在。此夏季雨中SO24-的含量較諸歐洲及美加地區的含量高出一倍左右,其他NO3-及C1-的含量則與之較接近。另在夏季四次颱風來臨期間於臺北採得25次雨水樣品,發現其酸鹼度平均為5.8 ,含SO24-僅1 ppm,NO3-為0.4 ppm,C1-則達8.7 ppm ,大部份不是酸雨。同期間自高雄、屏東採得的雨水15次,酸鹼度平均為6.6,含C1-為1.6 ppm,顯示皆受到海水的污染,但皆非酸雨。 臺灣可能是世界上第四個發現酸雨的地區。在其他三個地區,即歐洲、美國及加拿大,已報告此種酸雨現象會造成環境,包括土壤、金屬、建築物、植物、動物、魚類及生態相的災害,其影響雖緩慢,但極重大。酸雨的成因雖未盡知,但一般皆認為是由於大量使用石油與煤等石化燃料的結果。由於大工業區產生的污染物質,可由空中傳送到一千公里以外的地方,並造成廣大面積發生酸雨的現象,故臺灣地區的酸雨是由本島自己產生,或由國外傳送而來,尚未可知。酸雨的控制方法與空氣污染的方法相同,使用低硫燃料,增設脫硫設備,尋求替代能源以代替石油、煤炭,或其他可減少污染物排出的方法,相信都可以減輕雨水的酸化現象。
- 英文摘要:
In 1979, 135 rain waters sampled in northernparts of Taiwan in May and June showed theacidity of pH 4.4-4.8. And in the summer (Juneto October), 27 rain waters were as acid as pH4.2 (3.84-5.37). For southern parts of theisland, 5 rain waters of May and June and 3 ofsummer also represented the similar acidities.It was thus proposed that Taiwan, or assumablyFar East, is now covered and endangered by theacid rains which have also occurred in Europe,Northeastern U. S. and Southeastern Canada. Sulfate, nitrate and chloride ion concentra-tions were determined for about half of the rainsamples. For rain waters of May and June andof summer, sulfate concentrations of 4 and10 ppm, and nitrate of 0.7 and 2 ppm werefound respectively. These two components mightplay the most important roles in the acidifica-tion of Taiwan precipitation, for chloride con-centrations were very low in most of the watersamples except those taken from maritime areas.Additionally, when the typhoons came toTaiwan, the rain waters were often non-acidic:they (40 samples out of 4 typhoons) containedlittle sulfate and nitrate, but relatively highconcentration of chloride. Acid rains might be associated with therapid and ubiquitous erosion of exposed ironmetal or other materials. It might also contri-bute to the acidification of most Taiwan soils.However, both direct and indirect damages oreffects need further examinations.
- 中文關鍵字:
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- 英文關鍵字:
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