• 作者： 靳知勤
• 作者服務機構： 國立自然科學博物館科學教育組
• 中文摘要： 本研究有鑒於博物館解說對觀眾學習的影響，乃針對居大眾科學教育中一環之國立自然科學博物館，所提供之科學解說，探討博物館內解說人員對博物館教育目標，其解說功能，從事解說工作之先備條件，以及解說專業化之觀點。
  本研究採質的研究法，分別透過問卷、訪談、觀察等方法蒐集資料。結果顯示解說人員對科學博物館教育目標的認知多傾向於知識層面的傳遞。雖然在解說時也運用技巧引起觀眾聽講興趣及動機，但在認知上，解說人員多將其視為達成認知目標的手段，而非目的。在解說對象上則認為科博館係一社教機構，應以全民為服務對象，而其與社會及學校間之連繫尤應加強。
  此外，解說人員尤其注重以個人特質配合觀眾特性所營造出來的解說情境，其目的仍在於吸引觀眾樂於聽講。就解說工作專業化的展望而言，解說人員多表樂觀其成，但亦表露出實踐該目標中所需克服諸如訓練、待遇、工作定位等問題，本研究結果除可提供未來從事科學博物館內解說相關研究之基礎，及做為改進現有解說制度及訓練工作之參考外；並可供做制式及非制式教育體系，在推動大眾科學教育時的一個瞭解溝通的管道。
• 英文摘要： Interpreters play the role as the bridge between museum visitors and exhibits. The competence of interpreters especially influences visitors’ learning in the museum. This study focused on the National Museum of Natural Science in Taiwan to investigate interpreters’ perceptions about 1) the educational goals of science museum, 2) the function of interpreter in the science museum, 3) the requirements for a competent interpreter, and 4) the interpretation as a professional. Interpretive methods including open-ended questionnaires, interviews, and observation were used in gathering the data. The results revealed interpreters recognized the goal of science museum was mainly to transfuse scientific knowledge to the visitors. Although instructional skills were employed to motivate museum visitors, most of interpreters didn’t regard the importance of affective objectives in informal science learning. Interpreters also thought science museum should build a firm relationship with both ‘the public’ and the school systems. Interpreters expected they could become more professional. However, they also mentioned training policy, welfare problems, and clarified job description should be solved first.
• 中文關鍵字： 非制式科學教育; 大眾科學教育; 博物館教育; 解說導覽; 解說目標
• 英文關鍵字： Informal science education; Public understanding of science; Museum education; Interpretation; The goal of interpretation