- 作者: 盛憶秋;James J. Rakowski
- 作者服務機構: 聖荷西州立大學經濟學系; 羅德丹大學經濟學系
- 中文摘要: 在傳統的國際經濟模型中,一國的生?因素固定不變,當其出口品的國際價格上升到某一程度,此國?專業於生產出口 品。若出口品的國際價格繼續上升,生?型態保持於專業。本文解除生?因素固定不變的假定'分析國際貿易如何引起生產 因素的變動,因而引起生?型態的變動,並且在此國達到專業後,出口品價格的上升是否會使此國繼續專業於出口品。本文 的前半部介紹分析兩國貿易活動的模型,後半部則分析在各種可能性下的生?型態,主要的分析方法是用數學。結論是,若 出口於閒暇有強烈的替代性或勞工因工資上升,生活寬裕而願多享受閑?,則此國有可能脫出專業,再度同時生?出口 品及進口品 。
- 英文摘要: The familiar results and theorems of the traditional trade model proceed, in part, from the assumptions that each country produces all goods and that each country's endowment of production factors is invariant with respect to changes in factors returns. Under such assumptions, the traditional trade model predicts that a country which has just reached the point of complete specialization in an export good will continue this specialization if the relative price of the good continues to rise. In this paper we will analyze specialization behavior assuming that a country has just reached the point of complete specialization. Necessary conditions for the possibility of a return to incomplete specialization will be derived in the context of a model in which all factors of production are assumed to be variable. In the first section of this paper the basic assumptions of the model will be reviewed while the second part is devoted to analyzing specialization behavior. Our results indicate that labor's utility function along with the nature of the goods involved are the determining factors in answering the question of whether or not a country will stay in complete specialization. The conclusion of this paper is: if leisure and the export good are strong substitutes and/or if labor reacts inversely to changes in the wage level, a country, after reaching the point of complete specialization, may once again return to a state of incomplete specialization and start producing both of the export and the import goods.
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