- 作者： 邱美虹、吳文龍、鍾曉蘭、李雪碧；通訊作者：邱美虹
- 作者服務機構： 國立臺灣師範大學科學教育研究所; 新北市立新北高級中學
- 中文摘要：
本研究以問卷調查跨年級學生理想氣體概念發展狀況，並利用系統發育分類學(或支
序學)方法建立學生概念演化樹，以探討學生理想氣體概念發展的可能歷程。本研究之研
究對象為大臺北地區七到十二年級國、高中學生，總人數為646人。本研究有三項研究目
的：一、調查跨年級學生理想氣體概念分布；二、透過文獻分析將學生常見之心智模式進
行分類及編碼，以系統分類學方法找出概念演化樹；三、比較前述兩項研究結果，建立可
能的概念發展路徑。本研究計有三項研究工具，分別為「理想氣體概念編碼工具」：包含
13個認知特徵及8種的認知狀態；「理想氣體測驗」：目的為找出跨年級學生認知特徵分
布比例；「系統分類學統計軟體PAUP 4.0」：為廣泛運用於系統演化學的統計分析軟體。
研究結果顯示概念演化樹43中有兩個發展階段包含粒子本身的特性及粒子間的交互作用，
所呈現的概念演化歷程符合相關氣體粒子文獻的發展研究，且對實徵的跨年級概念調查結
果也具有相當的解釋力。由概念發展的歷程來看有許多關鍵的概念發展點(包含粒子觀、
剛性粒子、隨機運動與分布及粒子間交互作用)，其概念容易被學生誤解而發展成不正確
的概念。藉由本研究之概念演化樹可提供教師瞭解學生概念發展的歷程，以作為教學和撰
寫教科書之參考。 - 英文摘要：
This study investigated the conceptual evolution of students' mental models of ideal gas across grades. Via a systematic and scientific methodology entitled, phylogenetic classification, this study integrated two approaches to uncover students' conceptual evolution pathways. The participants were students from 7th to 12th grades (N = 646) in Taipei, Taiwan. The study had three purposes: (1) To investigate the frequencies of students’ conceptions of ideal gas across
grade levels, (2) to propose different mental models based upon the literature and to construct the evolutionary tree, and (3) to compare the evolutionary tree with students' conceptual investigations and then conclude possible pathways of conceptual development. Three instruments were utilized: (1) Coding Tool of Ideal Gas - including 13 cognitive characters and different cognitive states, (2) Test of Ideal Gas (TIG) - for investigating the students' conceptions of ideal gas (Cronbach's α = .89); and (3) PAUP 4.0 - popularly adapted for analyzing the evolutionary tree in the phylogenetic classification. The results showed that Evolutionary Tree 43 could be separated into two developmental stages: nature of particles and interaction between particles. Tree 43 was not only in accordance with the findings from the literature but was also supported by the empirical survey data. According to the pathways of Tree 43, there were several key points of conceptual development; for example, particulate view of matter, unchangeable sizes of particles, randomness of particle motion and distribution, and interactions among particles. These concepts are often misunderstood by students. Such faulty conceptions then
contribute to the development of students' incorrect mental pathways. Finally, this study provides an evidence-based framework for science education in practice. - 中文關鍵字： 心智模式、支序學、系統發育分類學、理想氣體定律、概念演化樹
- 英文關鍵字： Mental Model, Cladistics, Phylogenetic Classification, Ideal Gas Law, ConceptualEvolutionary Tree
