- 作者: Zhi-Ming Zheng
- 作者服務機構: HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,Md., USA
- 中文摘要: --
- 英文摘要: Intron removal from a pre-mRNA by RNA splicing wasonce thought to be controlled mainly by intron splicingsignals. However, viral and other eukaryotic RNA exonsequences have recently been found to regulate RNAsplicing, polyadenylation, export, and nonsense-me-diated RNA decay in addition to their coding function.Regulation of alternative RNA splicing by exon se-quences is largely attributable to the presence of twomajor cis-acting elements in the regulated exons, theexonic splicing enhancer (ESE) and the suppressor orsilencer (ESS). Two types of ESEs have been verifiedfrom more than 50 genes or exons: purine-rich ESEs,which are the more common, and non-purine-rich ESEs.In contrast, the sequences of ESSs identified in approxi-mately 20 genes or exons are highly diverse and showlittle similarity to each other. Through interactions withcellular splicing factors, an ESE or ESS determineswhether or not a regulated splice site, usually an up-stream 3' splice site, will be used for RNA splicing. How-ever, how these elements function precisely in selectinga regulated splice site is only partially understood. Thebalance between positive and negative regulation ofsplice site selection likely depends on the cis-element'sidentity and changes in cellular splicing factors underphysiological or pathological conditions.
- 中文關鍵字: --
- 英文關鍵字: --