• 作者： 吳漢津
• 中文摘要： 此綜合性論文(review)是以工程應用的觀點寫成，雖然微觀力學備受塑性力學研究者的注意，宏觀塑性力學仍然是 尋求一簡便而能適用於工程分析和設計的材料組成律的途徑。由小變形理論延伸到大變形理論並非想像的單純。本文討 論有關連帶?生的問題，本文理論以與流性塑性理論（Flow theory)的觀念相互對照的方式描述，以求增進對?時理論 的瞭解。?時理論在描述循環荷重上最能顯出其長處，因此在此被用來討論一些與材料在大變形下的旋轉有關的新效應 。此外，本文討論實驗在塑性力學的發展上的重要性，並描述實驗細節以及多軸（拉-剪）變形測變器(extensometer) 的發展史。本文並描述及討論簡單剪力實驗，純扭實驗，以及循環荷重下之多軸材料實驗。文後參考文獻並未求全，只 例舉與本文論述直接相關的參考資料。
• 英文摘要： This review has been written with engineering application in mind. Even though micromechanics has caught the attention of many researchers of plasticity, continuum plasticity is still the approach that leads to simple constitutive equations for engineering analysis and design. The extension from a small deformation theory to a finite deformation theory in plasticity is not as simple as usually believed. Some of the problems of this extension are discussed. The theory is mostly presented in the form of the concepts of flow theory of plasticity. Since the endochronic theory is known to have an advantage in the description of cyclic loading, it is used to discuss some new effects associated with material rotation in finite deformation. In addition, the role of experiment in the development of plasticity theories is discussed. The experiments involve such details as the availability of an axial-torsional extensometer. Also discussed are tests to create simple shear and pure torision, and tests to investigate multi-axial material behavior subjected to cyclic loading conditions. The list of references is not exhaustive. Only references that are closely related to the subject are included.
• 中文關鍵字： finite deformation; plasticity; objective rate; extensometer; axial effect; multi-axial testing
• 英文關鍵字： --