• 作者： 洪楚璋；於一鷗；莊淑華
• 作者服務機構： 國立臺灣大學海洋研究所; 中央研究院化學研究所
• 中文摘要： 本文旨在深討最新且比較簡單與精確之電鍍方法以分析河川及海水含鉛、鎘與銅。該方法之最低檢定鉛、鎘與銅量分別?0.93ppb， 0.30 ppb及0.26 ppb ，實驗誤差可以低至0.02% ，使用這種方法分析大肚溪河川及河口海水，北部與東部海水 。顯示北部海水平均含鎘、鉛與銅量分別?1.1ppb, 9.6 ppb及5.2 ppb ，以及東部含汞量僅?0.02 ppb ，大肚溪沿岸海水 含鎘、鉛、銅、汞量別?及0.4ppb， 6.7ppb， 1.0 ppb及1.85 ppb 。 另外使用化學平衡常數及臺大CDC 3150型電腦，分析臺灣水域環境中含鉛、鎘與銅之分佈，發現在海域環境中以 CdCl+ (28.61至37.51%) ， CdCl2 (34.65至39.80﹪) ， CdCl3- (21.13至28.41%)形態?主，鉛與銅分別以PbCl2 (33.28 至45.82%) ， PbCl+ (18.64至25.83%) ， PbOH+ (6.32至16.18%)及CuCO3 (50.21至62.33%) ， CuClOH (25.61 至34.31%) ， CuL+ (10.94至13.95% ， LH?glycine)及汞以HgCl3-及HgCl4-?主。至於河川部份，變化較大。
• 英文摘要： Water samples and aquatic organisms were collected from the northern and eastern coastal areas, the estuary of Ta-Tu River, Ta-Tu River and Nankan River, and the Harbors of Keelung, Kaohsiung and Hualien during the period from April 1977 to April 1978. The distribution of heavy metals, such as mercury, lead, cadmium and copper, and the accumulation factors in aquatic organisms were studied. In general, several stations along the coastal areas are already contaminated by mercury (over 5 ppb) except the eastern coast of Taiwan. However, for most stations along the coastal sea water including the estuary of Ta-Tu River, the values for lead, cadmium and copper were found to be lower than the detection limits. Accumulation factors of lead (from 21 to 137) and copper (from 5600 to 17980) for oysters; cadmium (from 4.1 to 282) for fishes; and mercury (24 to 225) for clams were observed in the coastal sea waters and the estuaries. Some possible complexing ligands, such as hydroxide, chloride, bromide, sulfate, carbonate, biocarbonate, glycine, etc. were also determined for calculating the major species of metals. The results showed that more than 10% of the major species of HgCl3-, HgCl4-, PbCl+, PbCl2, CdCl+, CdCl2, CuCO3, and CuOHCl were obtained, based on CDC-3150 computer calculation on the coastal ocean waters. For the river waters, hydroxide, hydroxide-chloride and carbonate were the major complexes for mercury, lead, cadmium and copper.
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