• 作者： 林金和; 張林仁
• 作者服務機構： 國立中興大學植物學系
• 中文摘要： 菱白植株之幼莖被菰黑穗菌感染而形成菌癭，吾人稱之為芰白筍，是為一可食蔬菜。本實驗乃利用解剖學之方法，探討茭白幼筍形成之機制。經由以塑膠包埋方法製成之組織切片之觀察顯示，在感染之初期菌絲全面分佈於莖部，甚至可達到莖頂生長點的外帶層。由於菌絲的快速生長形成一團菌絲，而向其周圍之細胞擠壓形成一個菌腔，其後菌絲漸漸成熟並釋出許多厚壁孢子。在此時期，菌腔周圍有許多成不規則排列的異常形成層被誘導生成。這些異常形成層快速地進行分裂產生新細胞，而使菌腔周圍組織單位面積內之細胞數目大約三倍於基本組織者，而二倍於維管束周圍組織者。此種由菰黑穗菌分泌，而能誘發異常形成層的未知生長促進物質尚待進一步之探討。
• 英文摘要： The young stem of“wateroat”(Zizania latifolia Turcz.) infected by the smut fungus, Ustilagoesculenta Henning, forms a gall called“kah-peh-sung”or“water shoot”, which is eaten as a fresh vegetablein East Asia. Histological observations of developing water shoots showed that the fungal hyphae at anearly stage of infection grew throughout the stem of the host, even into tunica layers of the shoot apex.Subsequently, in the formation of the gall, the hyphae randfled inter and intracellularly, first degradingparenchymatous host cell walls and then invading the resulting spaces, forming hyphal clusters, the initialstage of sorus formation. Continued degradation and invasive growth by the fungus led to the develop-ment of mature fusoid sori in which teliospores were eventually formed. During this latter stage, manymitotic centers or anomalous procambia were seen randomly distributed in the host tissues around the sori.The number of cell per unit area near these centers by cross sections was found to be twice the numberaround the vascular bundles and thrice that of the unaffected host ground tissues. It is inferred that agrowth promoting substance(s) may be involved in these events.
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