- 作者： 陳貴年; 溫振源; 謝正勇; 鄭聰明
- 作者服務機構： 臺大醫學院解剖學科
- 中文摘要：
本實驗使用Wistar系之年輕大白鼠，以0.5～15μl, 20～25%之過氧化氫（HRP）分別注入大白鼠之咀嚼肌，再以
HRP組織化學反應法及光學顯微鏡術觀察三叉神經運動核之標幟神經元。結果顯示：（1）.三叉神經運動核中，標幟出
多極神經元，支配閉頜肌者數量較支配開頜肌者多。（2）.支配各咀嚼肌之運動神經元在核中有體軀位排列之情形：（a）
支配顳肌者位於核之內側及背內側。（b）支配咬肌者分佈於核之中段及腹內側。（c）支配內翼肌和外翼肌者分別位於核
之腹外側及腹內側。（d）支配下頜舌骨肌及二腹肌前腹者位於核尾端三分之一之腹內側。大多數咀嚼肌運動神經元之軸
突走向核之腹外側，經運動核及主知覺核之間離開橋腦，而支配下頜舌骨肌及二腹肌前腹者，則先向背側延伸至核之尾
背側緣後再轉向腹外側，併入三叉神經運動根。另外，支配閉頜肌之運動神經元之樹突有向背尾側集中，伸入三叉神經
運動核上區之現象。各閉頜肌運動神經元之長短徑呈雙?分佈，而開頜肌運動神經元之長短徑則呈單峰分佈，顯示出閉
頜肌可能具有α及γ運動神經元之支配，以維持閉頜肌之肌緊張及調節咀嚼力量。c - 英文摘要： Young adult albino rats of Wistar strain were used for the present study. 0.5 to 15 ml of 20-50%of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were injected into each individual muscle of mastication to label neuronsin the trigeminal motor nucleus (TMON) for light microscopic study. The results reveal that: (1) ManyHRP-labeled, multipolar neurons are observed in the motor nucleus in each jaw-closing muscle (JCM)with less in each the jaw-opening muscle (JOM). (2) The motor neurons innervating each masticatorymuscle in the motor nucleus show a somatotopic arrangement: (a) those innervating the temporalis muscleare located in the medial and dorsomedial parts; (b) those innervating the maasseter muscle are located inthe intermediate and lateral: (c) those innervating the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles are located inthe lateral, ventrolateral and ventromedial parts, respectively: and (d) those innervating the mylohyoid andthe anterior belly of the digastric muscles are located in the most ventromedial part of the caudal one-third of the nucleus. Axons of most masticatory motor neurons run ventrolaterally in between the motorand the chief sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve. However, those of the mylohyoid and anterior bellyof the digastric muscles ascend dorsally to the dorsal aspect of the caudal nucleus and then turn ventrola-terally to join the motor root of the trigeminal nerve. Furthermore, the dendrites of the motor neuron ofJCM converge dorsocaudally to the supratrigeminal region. The diameters of neurons of each JCM displaya bimodal distribution. However, an unimodal distribution is present in the motor neurons from eachJCM. It is suggested that the motor nucleus innervating the JCM is comprised of α- and γ-motor neurons.It, thus, may provide a neural basis for the regulation of the muscle tone and biting force.
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