• 作者： 陳凱俐
• 作者服務機構： 國立宜蘭技術學院應用經濟系
• 中文摘要： 本研究旨在探討生態評估與經濟評估之結合方法，以臺灣富水鳥資源的濕地為例，將生態重要性等級評定方式納入經濟效益評估之問卷中。本文採用的生態評估方法，將濕地依評分之高低分為國際性、國家性、縣市性、鄉鎮性及村里性五個重要性等級；其評分準則包括面積、歧異度、稀有性、族群大小及代表性。本文不同於經濟效益評估相關文獻之處在於問卷中增加生態觀點之問項-不同生態重要性等級濕地之相對價值，並對一部分受訪者在詢問對蘭陽溪口支付意願之前，告知蘭陽溪口之生態評估結果，以比較是否告知此結果對個人決策行為之影響。 本文利用支出函數法評估臺灣濕地及其中的蘭陽溪口對臺灣地區居民的價值。以最大概似估計式（maximum likelihood estimation，簡稱MLE）估計雙界封閉式問卷結果顯示，主要影響支付意願(willingness-to-pay, WTP)的因素，就臺灣濕地而言包括性別與家庭所得(α= 5%)及年齡(α＝10%)，就蘭陽溪口而言則為家庭所得(α＝5%)與是否曾參加賞鳥活動(α＝10%)。得到的每年每戶支付意願中位數臺灣濕地為1,460.40元、蘭陽溪口為324.26元。如以蘭陽溪口在臺灣濕地中的相對價值乘上臺灣濕地平均效益，所得到的結果約為381.60元。
• 英文摘要： A method combining ecological and economic points of view in evaluating wetlands in Taiwan and specificallythe nature reserve of Lan-Yang river in I-Lan county is discussed in this paper. The ecological evaluation contains fiveattributes for the ornithological interest of wetlands for conservation, and each attribute can be measured using quanti-tative criteria. The five attributes are(1)area, (2) diversity, (3) rarity, (4) population size, and (5) representative. Ecol-ogical importance of a nature reserve can then be specified according to its score. For those with 81-100, 61-80, 41-60,21-40, 0-20 in score, they are specified as international, national, regional, county and local important, respectively. The differences between our questionnaire and those in the literature are:(1)the questions of relative values ofsites in different ecological importance were asked; and (2) a half of the questionnaires provides the information of theecological evaluation result of Lan-Yang river before people are asked about their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for Lan-Yang river, while the other half does not include the information. Dichotomous-choice with follow-up (DCF) questionnaire is used in this study. Cameron's expenditure functionmethod and MLE (maximum likelihood estimation) for DCF developed by Alberini et al.(1996) are applied to estimatethe WTP for the residents in Taiwan. The significant variables that affect WTP for wetlands in Taiwan include sex andfamily income (α＝5%) and age (α＝10%). The variables that significantly affect WTP for Lan-Yang river are familyincome (α＝5%) and whether or not one ever attended bird-watching activity (α＝10%). The estimated WTPs are NT$1,460.40 for wetlands in Taiwan and NT$324.26 for Lan-Yang river. Multiply the value of wetlands in Taiwan by theaverage relative value of Lan-Yang river(26.13%), the result is NT$381.60.
• 中文關鍵字： 支出函數法; 生態評估; 經濟評估; 濕地; MLE; WTP
• 英文關鍵字： ecological evaluation; economic evaluation; expenditure function method; dichotomous-choice with follow-up(DCF); maximum likelihood estimation(MLE)